企业作为职业教育重要办学主体的历史变迁与制度重构

The Historical Changes and System Reconstruction of Enterprises as the Important School-runners of Vocational Education

新中国成立以来,我国企业作为职业教育的重要办学主体经历了企业包办职业教育的发端期(1949-1979年)、校企脱钩的分离期(1980-1990年)、引企入校的发展期(1991-2000年)、校企合作的关系强化期(2001-2010年)以及构建校企合作命运共同体的紧密融合期(2011-至今)等阶段。这期间,企业的主体内涵也发生了深刻演变,具体表现在:主体地位由协助育人到直接举办职业教育,主体作用由工学结合到参与人才培养全过程,主体责任由校企合作到构建利益共同体。新时期,完善校企合作机制,充分发挥企业的重要办学主体作用,应推进法律制度重构,夯实职业教育产教融合之基;推进参与制度重构,筑牢校企合作办学的制度体系;推进激励制度重构,为激活企业的内生动力提供制度保障;推进评价制度重构,为提升校企合作效能提供制度依规。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Chinese enterprises, as important school-runners of vocational education, have gone through stages such as inception, separation, development, relationship strengthening, and close integration. In different historical stages, enterprises have different positions in the field of vocational education, playing different roles. After half a century of accumulation of policies and practices, the status, role, and responsibility of enterprises as important school-runners of vocational education have a richer connotation, which has witnessed the historical process of vocational education in China from the combination of work and study to the integration of production and education. In the new period, China should continue to improve the school-enterprise cooperation mechanism and model from the aspects of legal system, participation system, incentive system, evaluation system, and so on, so as to better play the role of enterprises as important school-runners of vocational education.