我国民族职业教育政策的理性限度及超越——基于政策工具理论视角的文本量化研究

The Rational Limits and Transcendence of China’s Ethnic Vocational Education Policy--Text Quantification Research Based on the Perspective of Policy Instrument Theory

民族职业教育政策是公共政策在职业教育领域的重要表达,也是政府发展民族职业教育的理性工具。但由于其是在现实条件基础上选择最优化的手段来实现目标,所以难以规避政策工具运用的“有限理性”。基于政策工具理论的视角,对改革开放40年来民族职业教育政策进行收集、整理、编码和量化分析,采用教育政策工具和教育发展要素的框架对其进行分析发现,我国民族职业教育政策在政策工具运用上存在能力限度、效率限度和可持续性限度。为了更好地超越其限度,未来我国民族职业教育政策应至少实现政策工具使用从“过溢”向“均衡”转变、运用自愿性政策工具实现由“政府主导”向“多元共治”转变和政策制定的“即时性”向“可持续性”转变。

The ethnic vocational education policy is an important expression of the public policy in the field of vocational education,and also a rational tool for the government to develop ethnic vocational education.However,it is difficult to evade the“limited rationality”of the policy instrument application for it selects the most optimized means to achieve the goal based on realistic conditions.Based on the perspective of policy instrument theory,this paper collects,organizes,codes and quantifies the ethnic vocational education policy since the reform and opening-up.Analyzed by the framework of educational policy instruments and educational development factors,it shows capacity limits,efficiency limits and sustainability limits in the policy instrument application.In order to transcend its limits,China’s ethnic vocational education policy should at least make sure the transformation of policy instrument application from“overuse”to“balance”.Besides,it should achieve the transition from“government orientation”to“multi-governing”and the transition of the policy formulation from“immediacy”to“sustainability”via using voluntary policy instruments in the future.