“天下器”:墨子实利教育思想述评

“World Ware”:A Review of Mozi’s Thoughts on Practical Education

墨子是中国古代提出实利教育思想的重要人物。出身与成长环境形成了他重视谋生技能、重视生产技术改进的特点并进一步孕育出其实利教育思想。其实利教育思想主要内容有:以"厚乎德行、辩乎言谈、博乎道术"的"天下器"作为人才培养目标;以生产劳动中总结出来的生产技术和自然科学知识等为主要教学内容,并提出所有有利于生产力提高的内容,都应该教和学;认为人人都可以教,人人都应当学,创造了一套符合知识特点和学以致用原则的教学方法。墨子实利教育思想中的"赖力而生、志功合一""人人平等、各事所能""道技合一、学术并重"等思想,对当前职业教育的发展,仍有着重要指导意义。

Mozi was an important figure who first put forward the ideal of practical education in ancient China. The family background and growing environment shaped his characteristics of appreciate of life skills and production technology. The contents of his practical education ideal include that, he took"World ware"as his talent training goals;all contents conducive to the improvement of productivity should be taught and learned;everyone can teach, everyone should learn. He creatived teaching methods according to the feature of practical knowledge and exsecises. Mozi’s practical education thoughts, such as"unity of ambition and merit""equality for all, do whatever it takes"and"unity of morality and technology, equal emphasis on learning and technique"are still of great guiding significance to the development of vocational education as"type education"today.