工厂的生命政治学分析——以《资本论》为核心文本的考察

Biopolitical Analysis of Factory:A Study Based on Das Kapital

"工厂"是现代资本主义社会生命权力发生的典型性"装置"。工厂基于机器大生产形成了以"流水线"为标志的工厂体系,这一工厂体系进一步延伸到公司制度中,最终渗透进整个社会体制结构;工厂体系的技术支撑是马克思所谓的"工艺学",现代管理学就其本质而言就是管理的工艺学,科学管理学的目的是塑造有用且驯顺的主体,其理论底色则是"奴隶制";工厂法表面上看是维护工人阶级的利益,保障生产秩序的正常运转,然而资本家正是在工厂法典中完成了对工人的合法专制。工厂通过机器生产所形成的工厂体系、以工艺学为架构的科学管理学以及维护生产秩序的工厂法共同构建了现代资本主义社会的权力发生"装置"。

"Factory" is the typical "apparatus" of bio-power in modern capitalist society.Based on the massive machinery production,factories have formed a factory system marked by "assembly lines".Further,this system has extended to company system and infiltrated into the entire social structure eventually.The technical support of factory system is what Marx called "Technology".In essence,modern management is the technology of managing.With the purpose of moulding useful and docile subjects,the underlying theory of scientific management is slavery.On the surface,the factory law seems to safeguard the interests of the working class and ensure the orderly operation of normal production.However,it is the factory law that legitimizes the capitalists’ despotism on workers.The factory system formed in machinery production,the scientific management based on technology and the factory law for maintaining the orderly production jointly generate the power "apparatus" in modern capitalist society.