呐喊者与看客的“言”下之意——从鲁迅到“现实鲁迅”与“科幻鲁迅”

What Underlies the Text from the Perspectives of a Screamer and Bystander:From Lu Xun to "Realistic Lu Xun" and "Science Fiction Lu Xun"

小说文本本为虚构之作,作者以"言"而喻之,便衍生出对其概念、叙事、内容、审美以及伦理人性等方面诸多不能已于言者的解读与判断。作为中国现代文学的领军"言者"--鲁迅,既有着"言"之于呐喊的深切体验,也有着"言"之于叙事的悲悯书写,在同时抵达"狂言"与"谎言"的彼岸,用着怪异奇谲的人物所"言"实现了叙述背后人性紊乱的悲喜恶善。从鲁迅"呐喊者"的三重身份与小说"看客"的两种身份切入,作横的对比与纵的分析,能够理解不同叙述立场背后衍生出"两言"--狂言与谎言所表达的理想主题、文本意蕴与现实意义,包括"两言"的意识与方向、困途与抉择、传承与希望。鲁迅在"沉默"的失声中不失颤动、不失希望;在"笑"的狂欢中不乏厉声、不乏绝望,由此可进一步反思"狂言"与"谎言"在传统与现代的思想交锋中产生的文化价值与人文精神。"狂言"在莫言小说中继续"呐喊","谎言"在刘慈欣小说中折射,接续上了"现实鲁迅"与"科幻鲁迅"的思想关联,共同构成了"鲁迅文化"谱系。

The text of a short story is a fiction,A writer writes in words from which derived his judgement and interpretation of the concept,narrative,content,ethical value and human nature but all above go beyond the text.Lu Xun as the leading "speaker" of modern Chinese literature,had both profound experience of "expressing in screaming" and "expressing in compassionate text".At the same time,he arrived at the other side of "ravings" and "lies",and successfully expressed the human emotions and distortion of human nature through description of the narration of the weird and strange prophetic characters.This paper starts from Lu Xun’s triple identities of a "screamer" and the dual identities of "a bystander" in his short story,and makes horizontal comparison and vertical analysis,trying to understand the ideal theme,textual implication and practical significance of two types of texts-ravings and lies derived from different perspectives,including the consciousness and direction,difficulties and choices,inheritance and hope of the two.There is no lack of tremor or hope in the silence;there is no lack of criticism and despair in the carnival of laughter;there is even further reflection on the cultural value and humanistic spirit of "ravings and lies" in the confrontation between traditional and modern thoughts."Ravings" are inherited by Mo Yan and "lies" are carried forward by Liu Ci-xin.Hence it is formed the intersection of realistic Lu Xun and science fictional Lu Xun.