启蒙的反思和心志的表达——重读鲁迅白话小说《药》

On Lu Xun’s Short Story "Medicine":Introspection of Enlightenment and Expression of Mind

鲁迅的白话小说《药》,是一篇既表现启蒙的思想文化批判又对启蒙的困境进行深刻反思的作品。《药》在表层的启蒙思想文化批判上揭示了当时民众的蒙昧无知、看客心理及自私冷漠的国民性弱点,而在深层次上则通过启蒙者与被启蒙者之间存在着的深深的隔阂与对立,表现出启蒙者的社会理想和被启蒙者的觉悟程度与现实要求存在着巨大的反差。这启示投身于启蒙的知识分子,应该对启蒙的曲折复杂甚至残酷有正确的认识和心理的准备;面对启蒙的困境与绝望,要抱定以牺牲自己生命为代价完成警醒同胞的殉道精神。

Lu Xun’s "Medicine" revealed the ignorance,the bystander’s psychology and self-interested indifference of national weaknesses of people at that time,which literally critiques the problems based on the enlightenment cultural thought.It further reflected a profound contrast between the social ideals of enlighteners and people ’ s limited enlightenment consciousness and the requirement for the reality,due to the differences between the enlighteners and the enlightened people.Thus,it reminded intellectuals who engaged in enlightenment that they should possess correct understanding and psychological preparation for the complicacy,and even the cruelty caused by the enlightenment.When facing the plight and desperation of enlightenment,it is necessary to hold the missionary spirit of alerting the compatriots at the expense of their own lives.