电商领域知识产权“通知—删除”规则的困境与出路

On the Dilemmas and Ways Out of the IP"Notice-Delete"Rule in the Field of E-Commerce

《电子商务法》“通知—删除”规则呈现出滥用和错误通知概率高,损失风险大,实质作用可能得不到发挥等问题,源于其对电商知识产权侵权治理效果的积极追求,以及因此形成的对传统“通知—删除”思路的改动式借鉴——允许在认为侵权情况下发出通知但不提供恢复选择,结果是这一“通知—删除”规则不具备诉前禁令的条件却具有类似的效果。现有完善思路意图让这套规则更接近真正意义的诉前禁令,却因忽视了两者的本质区别而难有成效。电子商务治理应该注重发挥利用平台的管控力,基于此形成的平台自治能够通过平台的实质性介入引导纠纷解决和提高处理效率,从而控制滥用、降低风险,缓解规则存在的弊端。实现平台自治一方面需要在不违背法律价值和不降低法律要求的前提下通过“约定—同意”的方式探索自治空间;另一方面需要在规范层面赋予平台一定的自治权限,让平台有权根据实际情况在收到反通知后确定采取必要措施的期限。

The rule of"notice necessary measures"in e-commerce law poses the problems of high probability of abuse and wrong notice,high risk of loss,and possible failure to carry out its essential function.The reason lies in active pursuit of the governance effect in harnessing IP infringement,and the modified borrowing of the"notice-take down"thinking,which allow the notice to be given under the circumstance of believing there is an infringement but does not provide options to provide the deleted links,rendering"noticenecessary measures"the similar effect of preliminary injunction while it is not the case.Efforts have been made to improve the rule so that it can be more close to the preliminary injunction,but are fruitless for ignoring the essential differences between preliminary injunction and"notice necessary measures".E-commerce governance should give play to the management and control power of the platform.on which basis form the platform selfgovernance that can guide the resolution of the dispute and improve the processing efficiency by the way of platform's substantial intervention,so as to control the abuse,reduce the risk,and alleviate the drawbacks of the"notice necessary measures"rule.To realize platform self-regulation,on the one hand,it is necessary to explore the room for self-governance by way of"agreement-consent"without violating the legal value and reducing the legal requirements;on the other hand,it is recommended to give the platform a certain degree of authority at the normative level,so that the platform has the right to determine,according to the actual situation,the time limit for taking necessary measures after receiving the counter notice.