网络欺凌中旁观者行为的研究:回顾与展望

Research on bystanders’ actions in cyber-bullying: A literature review and its future prospect

网络欺凌中的旁观者是指目睹或感知到网络情境中欺凌事件的个体。旁观者可以分为追随者、强化者、支持者和局外人四种角色。影响旁观者行为的因素比较复杂,主要可以归结为情境因素(友谊、社会环境、旁观者效应、情境评估、求助请求等)和个体因素(移情、道德脱离、自我效能感、先前的欺凌经历、人口学变量等)两大类。对旁观者行为的干预可以从多个视角入手,未来研究要在明晰和确证不同影响因素的基础上,加强网络欺凌旁观者的本土化研究。

Bystanders in cyber-bullying, who watch or perceive bullying in online contexts, can be categorized into followers, intensifiers, supporters and outsiders. Factors influencing bystanders’ actions mainly can be grouped into contextual factors(such as friendship, social environment, bystander effect, evaluation of the situation, and request for assistance) and individual traits(such as empathy, moral disengagement, self-efficacy,previous experience of bullying, and demographic variables). This research tries to explore the methods to intervene bystanders’ action from different angles, and on the basis of identifying factors, the future prospect in this field should increase more research in China’s context.