间充质干细胞来源外泌体促心肌梗死血管新生及其机制研究进展

Research Progress of Exosomes Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Promoting Angiogenesis and Its Mechanisms in Myocardial Infarction

血管新生(angiogenesis)是机体内一个复杂的生理学和病理学过程,是治疗缺血性疾病的重要措施。大量实验研究已表明间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stemcells,MSCs)等干细胞移植可促进心肌梗死后血管新生,近期研究证实这一作用可能主要通过分泌外泌体形式介导。外泌体(exosome)通过传递与血管新生相关微RNA(microRNA,miRNA)或蛋白质等生物活性物质,调控靶器官中与血管新生相关通路的基因表达,提高内皮细胞在缺血缺氧环境下的存活、迁移、成管能力,促进心肌梗死区域血管新生。通过基因修饰手段增强外泌体介导的心脏修复作用,以及将外泌体与生物活性肽结合形成工程外泌体来靶向缺血心肌治疗,是目前外泌体在心血管领域的热点研究方向。本文结合近年外泌体研究的相关文献,就MSCs来源外泌体促进心肌梗死血管新生的具体机制及现状研究作一综述。

Angiogenesis is a complicated process in both physiology and pathophysiology,which is essential for the treatment of ischemic diseases.A large number of experimental studies have shown that transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and other stem cells can promote angiogenesis after myocardial infarction.Recent studies have confirmed that this effect may be mainly mediated by exosomes.Exosomes regulate gene expression of angiogenesis-related pathways in target organs through transmitting microRNA(miRNA)or proteins related to angiogenesis.Regulating gene expression of angiogenesis-related pathways in target organs can improve endothelial cell survival,migration and angiogenesis in ischemia-hypoxia environment and in myocardial infarction area.Enhancing exosome-mediated cardiac repair by gene modification or targeting ischemic myocardial therapy with bioactive peptide-modified engineering exosome is a hot research direction in cardiovascular medicine.Herein,the mechanisms and current status of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes promoting angiogenesis in myocardial infarction are summarized.