龟兹石窟“因缘佛传”图像的叙事艺术——人物、空间及隐藏的细节

The Narrative Art of the Buddha’s Preaching Scenes in Kucha Grottoes:Figure,Scene and Hidden Details

龟兹石窟的因缘佛传图是一类以坐佛为中心,通过佛周围人物表现情节内涵的故事画。这些壁画反映出古龟兹人拥有高超的图像叙事技巧,画面看似千篇一律,实则表现了不同的佛经故事。按照角色与情节关系的深浅,本文将因缘佛传图中的人物分为四类。这些人物的排列具有一定规律性,其中主要人物多位于佛陀视线之下,与情节叙事息息相关。人物活动的场所大都为单一空间,但有时画家也会运用“多景叙事”,增加附属空间来表现更丰富的情节。同时,画面角落或边缘处还包含一些隐秘的细节,成为推定故事题材的重要线索。

There are many preaching scenes of Buddha in Kucha Grottoes,which take sitting Buddha as center and express plots through figures surrounding the Buddha.The images reflect Kucha people's wonderful narrative art skills.The pictures seem to be the same,however,almost every one of them represents one independent Buddhist story.According to the relationship between characters and narrative,the article divided the figures into four kinds.These figures are arranged regularly and the main character is related with narrative very closely,which are often placed under the Buddha's sight.Most of those paintings only have mono scene,but the multi-scene narrative skill also can be seen,in order to express more colorful plots.In addition,the details depicted in the edge also sometimes can be the clue to judge themes.