罗杰·弗莱形式主义美学之中国影响探究

A Probe into Possible Chinese Influences on Roger Fry's Formalism

弗莱形式主义美学思想的形成固然离不开西方文化传统变革的大背景,但同时外来因素包括中国画论的影响亦不可忽视。大量来自异域的艺术珍品极大地开阔了弗莱的眼界,帮助他形成了“新视觉”,而通过日本学者如冈仓天心以及汉学家如宾庸等人的介绍,弗莱得以了解中国艺术乃至整个东方艺术的原则“气韵生动”,这也为他提出一种替代之前在西方盛行的“再现论”的新美学提供了灵感。弗莱形式主义美学的提出一方面是基于他对意大利早期艺术以及德奥形式主义学说的熟悉,另一方面也得益于东方艺术和理论对他的启发。

Although Fry's aesthetic theory has its root in the cultural transformation of the late 19th century West,other influences such as his encounters with Chinese works of art and Chinese aesthetic theories also played a role.These treasures that came from other parts of the world had greatly opened Fry's eyes and helped him in his formation of a"new vision".Through Japanese scholars such as Okakura and European sinologists such as Binyon,Fry was able to understand Chinese art and its principle of"rhythmic vitality",and such an understanding inspired him in bringing out a new aesthetic theory that differed from the previous one based on mimesis.On the one hand,Fry's formalism came as a result of his familiarity with the Italian primitives and German as well as Austrian formalistic theories,on the other hand,it's partly due to his appreciation of Art from the East as well as its artistic ideas.