日光温室基质袋培番茄东西垄向栽培模式研究

Studies on Cultivation Mode of East-west Ridge for Tomato Cultivation with Bags in Sliding-cover Solar Greenhouse

在滑盖式现代节能日光温室采用基质袋培方式开展了番茄东西垄向栽培模式研究,通过分析番茄不同垄向栽培的冠层小环境、植株长势、产量、品质指标,探讨日光温室番茄东西垄向栽培模式产量形成影响因素。结果表明:当栽培密度相同时,与南北垄向相比,东西垄向番茄冠层辐射量和冠层空气温度较高。东西垄向EW-4处理(2.9株·m^-2)、南北垄向SN-1处理(2.9株·m^-2)和SN-3处理(2.9株·m^-2)的茎粗、叶面积、叶面积指数及地下部干质量无显著差异。EW-4处理株高比SN-3处理显著提高13.07%;地上部干质量为473.10 g,分别比SN-1和SN-3处理显著降低19.26%和6.86%;平均单果质量和单位面积产量均显著高于SN-1和SN-3处理;果实可溶性固形物含量高于SN-1和SN-3处理。东西垄向不同栽培密度处理中,EW-1处理(2.2株·m^-2)植株冠层辐射量较高,EW-4处理冠层空气温度较高。EW-5处理(3.3株·m^-2)的株高和叶面积指数明显高于其他处理;EW-4处理叶面积及地上部干质量较大;EW-1处理地下部干质量显著高于其他处理。产量方面,EW-3处理(2.6株·m^-2)的平均单株产量和单位面积产量分别为3.68 kg·株-1和9.57 kg·m^-2,明显高于其他处理。各处理番茄果实可溶性糖、有机酸、VC含量和糖酸比均无显著差异。通径分析结果表明平均单果质量和平均单株产量对不同垄向袋培番茄单位面积产量有直接影响。综上,在滑盖式日光温室内,基质袋培番茄采用东西垄向栽培时产量高于南北垄向,以东西垄向栽培密度为2.6株·m^-2进行生产可得到较高产量。

This paper studied tomato east-west ridge cultivation mode in modern slide-cover solar greenhouse by substrate bags cultivation method.Through analyzing the canopy mini-environment of tomato cultivation with different ridge direction,plants growth vigour,yield,quality,the paper discussed the factors affecting yield formation of cultivation mode with east-west ridge in solar greenhouses.Results indicated that with the same planting density,the solar radiation and air temperature in tomato canopy were higher under the east-west ridge than that under south-north ridge.There were no significant differences in stem diameter,leaf area and leaf area index and underground dry weight.The plant height under EW-4 treatment was significantly increased 13.07%than SN-3 treatment;above ground dry weight was 473.10 g,decreased 19.26%and 6.86%,respectively than that of SN-1 and SN-3 treatments.The average single fruit weight and unit area yield were all significantly higher than that of SN-1 and SN-3 treatment.The fruit soluble solid matter contents were higher than that of SN-1 and SN-3 treatments.The solar radiation on the tomato canopy of EW-1(2.2 plants·m^-2)was higher,and air temperature of EW-4 was also higher among different planting densities under the east-west ridge.The plant height and LAI of EW-5(3.3 plants·m^-2)were significantly higher than those of the other treatments.Leaf area and dry biomass accumulation above ground of EW-4 were greater.The dry biomass accumulation underground of EW-1 was higher than those of the others.In terms of tomato fruit yield,the average single plant yield and yield per unit area of EW-3(2.6 plants·m^-2)were 3.68 kg per plant and 9.57 kg·m^-2,respectively,which were significantly higher than those under the other density treatments.There were no remarkable differences in contents of soluble sugar,organic acid,VC and sugaracid ratio in tomato fruits of various treatments.The results of path analysis showed the average single fruit weight and average single plant yield had direct effects on yield per unit area.To sum up,in slide-cover solar greenhouse the yield of tomato cultivated with bag under east-west ridge was higher than that under south-north ridge;and under east-west ridge planting with 2.6 plants·m^-2 density could obtain higher yield.