北京市农户蔬菜投入产出特征调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Input-output Characteristics of Vegetable Farmers in Beijing

采用问卷调查和入户访谈相结合的方法,从农户视角对北京市蔬菜投入产出中的劳动力投入、土地投入、水资源投入、种植技术采用、质量安全生产、成本收益等特征进行调查分析。结果表明:北京市蔬菜生产规模普遍较小,以塑料大棚和温室为主;蔬菜种植户对地下水位下降有正确认知,认为灌溉水价较为合理,对灌溉设施可靠性的满意度较高;地膜覆盖、穴盘育苗和高温闷棚在蔬菜种植技术中的采用比例较高;种植户蔬菜质量安全生产的态度较为积极,对产出环节的蔬菜质量安全问题较为重视;雇工费、肥料费和种苗费构成蔬菜生产成本的主要部分。综上,建议推进蔬菜生产规模化发展,健全环境友好型技术推广体系,完善蔬菜质量安全生产管理体系,提倡生产资料合理投入。

Taking questionnaire survey combined with household interview,this paper investigated and analyzed the characteristics of labor input,land input,water resource input,planting technology adoption,quality and safety production,cost and profit in vegetable input and output of Beijing from the perspective of farmers.The results showed that the productive scale of vegetables in Beijing is smaller,mainly taking plastic tents and greenhouses as the principle.Vegetable farmers have a correct understanding about declining underground water.They think that the price for irrigation water is more reasonable,and they are satisfied with the reliability of irrigation facilities.The proportion of plastic film mulching,pot seedling raising and high temperature smothering shed in many vegetable planting techniques are higher.The farmers have more active attitude towards quality and safety production,and pay more attention to the quality and safety of vegetables in the postpartum stage.Labor fee,fertilizer fee and seedling fee form the main parts of vegetables production cost.To sum up,it is suggested to promote the development of large-scale vegetable production,perfect environment-friendly technology promotion system,improve management system for vegetables quality&safety production,and advocate the reasonable input for production means.