菜薹(菜心)亲本材料的创制及新品种18A1菜心的选育

Creation of New Parent Materials and Breeding of New Flowering Chinese Cabbage Variety-‘18A1’

为了拓宽菜薹(菜心)种质资源,筛选优良亲本材料,进而选育菜心雄性不育系杂交种,本试验利用菜心与大白菜亚种间杂交、菜心与芥菜种间杂交及自然突变体筛选等3种途径,创制和鉴定优良的菜心育种材料,并广泛转育菜心CMS96细胞质不育系和配制CMS96细胞质不育系组合。结果表明,菜心与大白菜杂交、菜心与芥菜杂交及自然突变体筛选等方法是创制菜心种质资源的有效途径。利用亚种间杂交,获得菜心CMS96细胞质不育系、菜心瓣化型萝卜胞质Ogu CMS,叶片深紫色菜心,叶片塌地菜心;利用种间杂交,获得圆叶锯齿菜心,叶色翠绿菜心和叶片浅紫色菜心;基于自然突变,筛选到橘红色花菜心,乳白色花菜心和隐性核雄性不育系突变体。同时,以菜心细胞质不育系CMS96.农家菜心8与新西兰50天自交系杂交,成功选育出菜心新品种18A1菜心,中熟,叶色深绿,菜薹油绿,臺质脆嫩,口感好,适合广州等南方地区秋冬季和菜场基地种植。

In order to broaden the breeding germplasm resources of flowering Chinese cabbage〔Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis(L.)var.utilis Tsen et Lee〕,and screen superior parent material,so as to select and breed male sterile coeno-species of flowering Chines cabbage,this experiment took 3 ways of hybridization,including inter subsubspecies between flowering Chinese cabbage with Brassica rapa,interspecies with Brassica juncea,and natural mutant selection to create and identify superior breeding materials for flowering Chinese cabbage;widely transferred the cytoplasmic male sterile lines of CMS96,and made up CMS96 cytoplasmic male sterile line group.Results showed that these 3 ways of hybridization were effective to create germplasm resources of flowering Chinese cabbage.Using inter subspecies hybridization,we gained CMS96 cytoplasmic male sterile lines,petal type turnip cytoplasm Ogu CMS,flowering Chinese cabbage with dark purple leaf blades,and with decumbency leaf blades;by interspecific hybridization,we gained flowering Chinese cabbage with round and serrated leaf,with bright green and light purple leaf blades.Through natural mutation selection,we achieved orange and milky white flowering Chinese cabbage and recessive nuclear male sterility line.At the same time,‘CMS96.nongjiacaixin 8’was crossed with‘Xinxilan 50 days’inbred line,and a new variety of‘18A1’was successfully bred.‘18A1’is a variety of mid-maturity with dark green leaves.Its stalk is oily green in color,crisp,tender with good taste.It is suitable to be planted in autumn and winter in Guangzhou,and the other southern regions.