英国大学招生考试制度的变迁及启示

Development of the College Entrance Examination System in the UK and Its Implications

作为英国最主流的大学招生考试,A-level考试制度于1951年建立,并逐步形成了线性的课程考试制度。2000年的模块化改革将其"年终末考"的线性考试制度变革为"一年多考"的模块化考试制度,目的是为学生提供更加宽泛的学科知识,并提高其考试通过率。这一制度在运行十几年后,暴露出了重考率过高、分数膨胀严重、应试文化加重、知识宽度不够、评价方式不够合理等问题,由此引发了2015年的线性改革,即从"一年多考"的模块化考试制度回归"年终末考"的线性考试制度。此轮A-level考试制度改革与我国新高考改革的方向明显不同,但也为我国新高考改革提供了些许启示,比如限制学生重复考试次数、改革学业水平考试的评价方式、强化高校在招生中的作用等。

As the most prominent college entrance examination in the UK,the A-level test system was established in 1951,and a linear examination system was gradually formed.The modular reform in 2000 changed the linear A-level test system of the"one year-end examination"into a modular system of"multi-time tests",which aims to provide students with a wider range of disciplinary knowledge and improve their passing rate.After decades,the modular system encountered the problems of high re-examination rate,grade inflation,aggravation of test-oriented culture,insufficient knowledge width of students,and unreasonable evaluation methods,etc.This led to the linear reform in 2015,i.e.transformation from the modular system of"multi-time tests"to the"one year-end examination"linear system.The direction of the new A—level reform is obviously different from that of China's new Gaokao reform,and it provides several implications for the new Gaokao reform,including limiting students;re-examination opportunities,transforming the evaluation method of academic test,and increasing the role of universities in college admissions.