美国教育人工智能战略新走向——基于《2019年国家人工智能研发战略计划》的解读

On the New Trends of American Education Artificial Intelligence Strategy--Based on the Interpretation of National AI R&D Strategic Plan:2019 Update

为加速美国在全球范围内人工智能技术上领导地位的实现,重估美国联邦政府在人工智能研发方面的优先事项和满足人工智能时代对美国劳动力教育的现实需求,美国政府于2019年6月发布了《2019年国家人工智能研发战略计划》,这是美国在全球人工智能竞争大背景下出台的最新人工智能发展战略性文件。基于该文件核心内容并结合美国政府发布的其他相关资料,对其当前教育人工智能战略的最新走向进行分析研究可以发现,美国教育人工智能发展战略主要以持续投资人工智能的基础研发、开发有效人机协作方式、关注解决法律伦理问题、设计安全可靠的AI系统、创造开放性的数据环境、制定评估监管标准体系、着重AI研发人员的培养和扩大公私合作伙伴关系等八大战略为主要内容,并通过设立两大专业委员会、大力拓展学徒制计划、高度重视STEM教育、全力培养AI研发人员和加快培养高技能人才等五大现实举措,构筑了一个注重政府统筹规划、AI人才的开发、安全负责理念和国内外合作的教育人工智能发展愿景。

To accelerate the leadership positions of United States on a global scale on the artificial intelligence technology,the implementation of the revaluation of the federal government in artificial intelligence research priorities and meet the times of artificial intelligence to the realistic requirement of educating workers for the United States,the United States government issued in June 2019 National AI R&D Strategic Plan:2019 Update,which is the latest strategic documents on artificial intelligence development issued by the United States in the context of global competition for artificial intelligence.Based on this document and other related information released by the U.S.government,the paper analyzes the current education artificial intelligence strategies and finds that the United States education artificial intelligence development strategies mainly include:continuous investment in artificial intelligence research and development;developing effective way of human-computer interaction;focusing on solving the legal and ethical problems,designing safe and reliable AI system;creating the open data environment;developing a system of evaluation and regulatory standards;focusing on the cultivation of the AI researchers and expanding the public-private partnership,and construct a development vision of educational artificial intelligence that focuses on the overall planning by the government,the development of AI talents,the concept of security responsibility and the cooperation at home and abroad by setting up two professional committees,vigorously developing apprenticeship program,attaching great importance to STEM education,cultivating the AI research and development personnel and speeding up the training of high-skilled talents and so on.