广东某地区小学教师健康体检现状及高血压影响因素分析

A comprehensive analysis about the health status and influencing factors of primary school teachers in certain area of Guangdong province

目的了解小学教师的疾病与健康现状,揭示小学教师疾病谱及其影晌因素,为探索符合该人群实际情况的健康服务模式提供理论依据。方法2018年8月至2019年1月,采用多阶段抽样的方法调查广东省某地区9所学校共375名小学教师,分析不同人口学情况对其健康状况的影响,分析小学教师健康体检疾病构成、体检状况、生活习惯构成的统计学差异。综合分析各危险因素对教师高血压的综合影响。结果不同年龄(χ2=17.53,P<0.05)、婚姻状态(χ2=21.08,P<0.05)、学历(χ2=38.46,P<0.05)、小学教师健康状况差异显著。小学教师多发疾病前5名依次为:高脂血症(构成比为43.2%)、肥胖(构成比为26.1%)、高血压(构成比为24.3%)、呼吸道感染(构成比为23.2%)、近视(构成比为21.1%)。血生化指标异常检出阳性率前三的依次为:三酰甘油(85.6%)、低密度脂蛋白异常(80.3%)、载脂蛋白A(65.3%)。不同吸烟行为(χ2=161.71,P<0.05)、饮酒行为(χ2=161.71,P<0.05)、运动频率(χ2=64.9,P<0.05)、工作强度(χ2=145.66,P<0.05)、不同睡眠状况(χ2=14.86,P<0.05)的教师健康状况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论年龄、婚姻状况、学历等基本情况和吸烟、饮酒、运动行为、睡眠状况等行为生活方式对小学教师健康状况有一定影响,小学教师人群中高血脂症、肥胖、高血压较为高发。

Objective To investigate the disease and health status of primary school teachers in in certain area of Guangdong province,to reveal the disease spectrum of primary school teachers and its influencing factors,so as to provide theoretical basis for exploring the health service model which accords with the local situation.Methods A multi-stage sampling method was used to investigate 375 primary school teachers from 9 schools in a certain region of Guangdong province between August 2018 and January 2019,to analyze the influencing factors of different demographic conditions on their health conditions,and to analyze the statistical differences in the composition of physical examination diseases,physical examination conditions and life habits of primary school teachers.Moreover the risk factors of the comprehensive influencing factors on high blood pressure of teachers were analyzed.Results There were significant differences in the health status of primary school teachers in different age,marital status,educational background(P<0.05).The common diseases in primary school teachers were:hyperlipidemia(43.2%),obesity(26.1%),hypertension(24.3%),respiratory tract infections(23.2%),myopia(21.1%).The positive rate of serum biochemical markers was:triglyceride(85.6%),low density lipoprotein abnormalities(80.3%)and apolipoprotein A(65.3%).There were significant differences in the health status of primary school teachers in different drinking behavior,exercise frequency,work intensity,sleeping state(P<0.05).Conclusion The basic situation including age,marital status and education background as well as behavior lifestyle including smoking,drinking,exercise behavior,sleep status have certain effects on the health status of primary school teachers,and the incidence rates of hyperlipidemia,obesity,high blood pressure are relatively higher.