洛克菲勒基金会与北京留日医界的竞争与合作

The Competition and Cooperation between the Rockefeller Foundation and Japanese-Trained Chinese Medical Profession in Beijing

北洋时期,美国洛克菲勒基金会来华办理医学教育一事虽然得到中央政府的支持,但官办医学校的态度却并不积极。利用中美两国档案史料,确认在20世纪20年代初,洛克菲勒基金会邀请北京医专校长汤尔和等人组成“中国医学考察团”访美,主要是为了缓和与中国留日医学生的矛盾,进而自上而下地对中国施加更为广泛的政治和文化影响。虽然留日医学生在这一过程中对美国医学的态度确有改变,但洛克菲勒基金会也由此形成了重政治轻学术的合作模式,在一定程度上加剧了不同医学派别之间的矛盾,造成了持久的纷争。

Although the Rockefeller Foundation's medical education in China was acknowledged by Chinese central government during the Peiyang period,the attitude of governmental medical colleges toward it was not positive.Helped with the archives of both China and the United States,this paper argues that in the early 1920s,the Rockefeller Foundation invited Dr.Tang Erhe,the president of National Peking Medical College and others to form a“Chinese Medical Commission”to visit the United States,to ease its tension with Japanese-Trained Chinese medical students,and to exert a broader political and cultural influence on China from the top down.Although Japanese-Trained medical students indeed changed their attitudes towards American medicine in this process,the Rockefeller Foundation also formed a cooperation model that emphasized politics rather than academics,which aggravated the contradictions between different medical factions to a certain degree and caused lasting disputes.