《山海经》佩饰的复原分析

Restoration analysis of the ornaments in Shanhai Jing

《山海经》虽被不少人视为一部记录虚构故事的奇书,但其中的佩饰描写具有一定的写实性。基于神话《山海经》中关于中国古人佩饰的描写,结合文献记载和考古实物,对《山海经》中的佩饰进行复原分析。研究认为:在头饰方面,玉胜之原型是织机上的卷经轴;角饰“觡”源于鹿图腾,且必须与面具相组合,才能显露萨满的神秘感;冠不具有实用功能,但具有鲜明的政治性,其原型应具有商、周时期冠的特征;瞂饰是头盔,其造型体现了天圆地方的观念和鸟崇拜的痕迹。在耳饰方面,古人认为金环耳饰乃鬼之神所戴,具有辟邪之功能。在腰饰方面,玉璜是贵族佩带之物,其纹样体现求仙之气;剑为男子所佩之物,佩剑的社会风尚是自上而下形成的。

Although Shanhai Jing is regarded as a wonderful book for recording fictional stories,the description of the ornaments has certain authenticity.In order to make restoration analysis of ancient Chinese ornaments based on mythological Shanhai Jing,documentary records and archaeological objects are combined to examine the accessories in Shanhai Jing.The research shows that in the headwear,the prototype of Yusheng is the scroll warp on the loom;the ornament Ge is derived from the deer totem,and must be combined with the mask to reveal the mystery of the Shaman;the crown does not have practical functions;however,it has a distinct political nature,and its prototype should have the characteristics of the Shang and Zhou period;the shield decoration is a helmet,and its shape reflects the concept of the heaven and the earth and the traces of bird worship.In terms of ear rings,the ancients believe that the golden ear rings are worn by the god of ghosts with the function of evil spirits.In the aspect of waist decoration,the jade is worn by the nobles,and its patterns reflect the spirit of seeking immortality;the sword is the object that the man wears,and the social style of the sword is formed from the top down.