城市流动人口相对贫困及其影响因素

Relative Poverty of Urban Floating Population and Its Influencing Factors

基于2014年全国流动人口动态监测数据,采用不同模型分析流动人口贫困状况及其影响因素。研究发现,流动人口贫困主要表现为相对贫困,消费贫困发生率远高于收入贫困;贫困类型以持久性相对贫困和选择性相对贫困为主;乡-城流动人口更易陷入相对贫困,且不同贫困类型的发生率均不同程度高于城-城流动人口;部分个体家庭因素和流入地区因素均对流动人口陷入相对贫困有显著影响,其中个体及家庭因素比流入地区因素的影响更大,且不同因素的影响程度在不同分位点存在较大差异。政策启示在于应将流动人口扶贫工作纳入到整体社会扶贫的大格局大体系之中,并着眼于区域发展和致富的长效机制,减少相对贫困的发生。

Based on the dynamic monitoring data of China's floating population in 2014,the article adopted different models to analyze the poverty situation and its influencing factors of the floating population.The results indicate that the poverty of the floating population is mainly manifested as relative poverty,and the incidence of consumption poverty is much higher than income poverty.The relative poverty mainly consists of persistent relative poverty and selective relative poverty.Rural-urban floating population is more likely to fall into relative poverty,and the incidence of different types of poverty is higher than that of urban-urban floating population in varying degrees.The relative poverty can be significantly influenced by some individual and family factors and inflow regional factors,among which individual and family factors have a great impact.Moreover,the degrees of influence by different factors are quite different at various points of quantile regression.The policy enlightenment lies in that the poverty alleviation of the floating population should be incorporated in the overall program,and the regional development and the long-term mechanism of getting rich should be focused on to reduce the incidence of relative poverty.