生命的悲剧性及其实现——马克思与尼采的生命政治

The Tragic Nature of Life and Its Realization--Life Politics of Marx and Nietzsche

马克思和尼采把人视为生命,这意味着人是感性的、肉身性的存在,理想的生活状态是充分实现自己的内在潜能。但由于人作为自然存在,欲望的对象不依赖于他而存在,且需要的对象往往是稀缺和非现成的。这导致人与人之间为夺取生存资料展开了残酷的生存斗争,并且由于人类要进行文化创造,还导致人类分化成统治者和被统治者。马克思认为高度发展生产力最终会让所有人获得自由,尼采则坚持认为奴隶制是文化繁荣的基础,生命的残酷性注定永远只有部分人才能获得自由。马克思注意到了被尼采所忽视的人与自然之间动态的互动关系,这开启了人类社会的其他可能性,故而可以考虑用马克思把尼采兼容进来,这样我们对人类、对社会的认识将会更加丰满,对于人类所处困境的解决也会得出更加全面、稳妥的方案。

Marx and Nietzsche regard human as perceptual and corporal existence,and the ideal living state is to fully realize their inner potential.Human beings exist naturally,their objects of desire being independent of them,scarce and not readily available.This leads to a brutal struggle for survival resources,human beings split into rulers and the ruled by cultural creation.Marx believes that productivity would eventually set all people free,while Nietzsche insists that slavery is the foundation of cultural prosperity,the cruelty of life destined to set only part of people free.Marx notices the dynamic interaction between human and nature ignored by Nietzsche,which would trigger other possibilities of human society.Marx being compatible with Nietzsche would equip us with a fuller understanding of human beings and society,and come up with a more comprehensive and sound solution to the plight of human beings.