论环境损害鉴定意见的审查规则

On the Examination Rules of Environmental Damage Assessment Expertise

环境损害鉴定意见对于环境审判工作的作用在于提供事实证明而非法律判断,而当下环境损害鉴定意见在管理、技术和司法适用层面面临诸多困境的根源在于鉴定中心主义的错位干扰了司法审判的中心地位。建立正当科学的审查规则如同以市场机制配置资源,可以起到从根本上规范环境损害司法鉴定活动现状的作用。为此,建立形式合法性审查规则可以规制多头鉴定和鉴定活动不规范等问题,以实质相关性审查和鉴定意见排除规则来化解鉴定难、鉴定贵和鉴定周期长给环境审判增加的诉讼成本,并借助科学性审查规则来防范鉴定技术风险进而解除环境司法审判工作对司法鉴定的过度依赖。

The role of environmental damage assessment expertise is to provide evidence rather than legal judgment.The cause of many difficulties in the aspects of management,technology and judicial application of environmental damage assessment expertise is that the dislocation of assessment centralism interfered with the central position of judicial adjudication.Establishing proper and scientific assessment rules,similar to the allocation of resources by market mechanism,can fundamentally standardize the status quo of environmental damage assessment activities.To regulate the problems of multiple assessments or non-standard assessments,rational and legitimate examination systems should be established.To lower the litigation cost resulting from the difficulties,high costs and long assessing periods of environmental assessment,substantive relevance review and exclusion rules of expert opinions should be resorted to.Finally,scientific assessment rules should be used to prevent the technical risk of assessment and relieve the over-dependence of environmental judicial trial work on forensic expertise.