铅、铜盐催化剂对DNTF炸药热分解及烤燃响应特性的影响

Influence of Lead and Copper Salt Catalysts on the Thermal Decomposition and Cook-off Responses of DNTF

为提高3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)炸药热安全性,采用高压差示扫描量热仪(PDSC)、小型烤燃实验考察了水杨酸铅(PbSa)、水杨酸铜(CuSa)、2,4-二羟基苯甲酸铜(β-Cu)、邻苯二甲酸铜(Cu(PA)2)、氧化铜(CuO)等催化剂对DNTF烤燃响应特性以及1 MPa下热分解性能的影响。结果表明,CuSa、β-Cu、Cu(PA)2等有机铜盐催化剂可提高DNTF热分解速率,使其在1 MPa下分解峰温降低13.6℃以上,PbSa使DNTF分解峰温升高了3.1℃,同时二次分解剧烈程度更明显,CuO对DNTF热分解无影响;CuSa可使无约束条件的DNTF在1℃·min^-1下的烤燃响应温度由236.6℃降低为182.3℃,响应剧烈程度由爆炸改善为燃烧;少量CuSa可使强约束条件下的DNTF基混合炸药装药在1℃·min^-1下的烤燃响应温度降低2.4℃,响应剧烈程度由爆炸降低为燃烧,说明选择合适的有机铜盐催化剂可有效改善DNTF基炸药装药烤燃响应特性。

To improve its thermal safety,the effects of lead and copper salt catalysts,including CuSa,PbSa,β-Cu,Cu(PA)2,and CuO,on thermal decomposition and cook-off responses of DNTF were studied through PDSC and small scale cook-off experiments.Experiment results show that the thermal decomposition and cook-off reaction level can be adjusted by different analysts.To be specific,the organic copper salts,i.e.,CuSa,β-Cu and Cu(PA)2,increase the rate of thermal decomposition of DNTF while reduce the decomposition temperature of DNTF.PbSa increases the decomposition temperature of DNTF by 3.1℃ and promotes its second decomposition;CuO has no effect on the thermal decomposition of DNTF.CuSa decreases the response temperature of cook-off test at heating rate of 1℃·min^-1 for unrestrained DNTF from 236.6℃ to 182.3℃ while for high constraint by 2.4℃,and changes the reaction levels of both unrestrained and high constrained from explosion to burning.This implies that the cook-off responses of DNTF-based explosive could be decreased by organic copper salts,such as CuSa.