监察委员会廉政教育职能研究:设置依据、实施主体与防腐作用

Research on the Function of Integrity Education of the Supervisory Committee:Setting Basis,Implementing Subject and Preventive Function

廉政教育职能是监察委员会的一项重要职能,其设置依据、实施主体与防腐作用亟待从理论上予以研究。从设置依据来看,《监察法》在设置廉政教育职能时,既参考了世界范围内反腐败法律关于反腐败机构职能设置的常见做法,也吸收了历届党和国家领导人关于廉政教育的重要论述,更适应了监察委员会预防腐败的现实需要。从实施主体来看,以结构功能主义作为分析视角可见,监察委员会下设的宣传部履行对公职人员开展思想道德教育和警示教育这正反两项廉政教育职能,而审查调查室和派驻纪检监察组则主要以查办案件为依托履行警示教育职能。以罗伯特·克利特加德提出的腐败动机公式作为分析基础,监察委员会廉政教育职能的预防腐败作用在于,思想道德教育使公职人员因廉洁的道德满足感提升和贿赂的效用降低而不想腐,警示教育使公职人员因腐败的道德损失与被发现和查处的概率太高而不敢腐。

The function of integrity education is a important supervisory function given to the state supervisory authority by the Supervision Law.Its setting basis,implementation subject and corruption-prevention effect need to be studied theoretically.Judging from the basis of setting up,the“Supervisory Law”not only refers to the common practice of anti-corruption laws on the establishment of anti-corruption institutions in the world,more adapted to the practical needs of the supervisory committee to prevent corruption.From the perspective of implementation subject,structural functionalism as a analytical perspective,the propaganda department set up within the supervisory committee fulfills the integrity education function of the public officials in carrying out ideological and moral education and warning education.The investigation department and the dispatched discipline inspection and supervision team mainly provide warning education for public officials on the basis of investigations of violations of laws and regulations.Based on the analysis of the corruption motive formula proposed by Robert Klitgaard,we can find that the supervisory committee’s function of integrity education for public officials can play a real role in preventing corruption,mainly because ideological and moral education makes public officials don’t want to be corrupt because of they fell more moral satisfaction and less bribery satisfaction.Warning education makes public officials to be more afraid of corruption because of they fell more moral less and more likely to be found and investigated.