浅谈刘易斯对马克思产业后备军理论的误解

Lewis’Misunderstanding on Marx’s Theory of Industrial Reserve Army

著名发展经济学家阿瑟·刘易斯对马克思的产业后备军理论有诸多误解,他误以为马克思认为资本积累增加的就业量小于技术进步减少的就业量;同时,他无视发达国家的大量失业,错误地认为在刘易斯拐点之后资本主义经济将进入劳动力短缺的时代,并且会使工资增幅超过劳动力价值的水平。而马克思的产业后备军理论则正确地指出,资本主义产业后备军在短期将随经济周期不断相对增加或减少,但长期来看不可能消失,而且会随着资本主义的扩张而持续增加。马克思的产业后备军理论对我国现实经济发展具有重要启示意义。

Arthur Lewis interpreted and criticized Marx’s theory of industrial reserve army incorrectly.Lewis mistook that Marx insisted that the unemployment made by the progress of technology was more than the employment made by the capital accumulation;and,he thought wrongly that a country will enter into a period with large deficit of labors after the Lewis turning point,in which the wages will increase to a level higher than the value of the labor,ignoring the huge unemployment in the developed countries.Nevertheless,Marx pointed out accurately that the industrial reserve army can increase or reduce relatively along with the economy circle in short-time period,but can never disappear in the capitalist society,and in the opposite,it will increase continuously with the expansion of capitalism.