西藏马鹿草青期食源植物营养成分对食性选择的影响

Effects of Nutrient Composition of Food Plants on Dietary Choice of Tibetan Red Deer(Cervus wallichii)in Green Grass Period

采用粪便显微分析法分析西藏马鹿(Cervus wallichii)草青期食性、可食植物的营养组成和干物质消化率,并利用minitab17软件分析西藏马鹿草青期可食植物相对密度和营养成分相关性。结果表明:西藏马鹿草青期可食植物20科37种,食性选择多样性指数1.32,生态位宽度15.79。笔直黄耆(12.8%)、弱小火绒草(11.2%)、半卧狗娃花(9.72%)、西藏柳(9.64%)构成西藏马鹿的主要可食植物,占食物组成的43.36%;菊科(29.66%)、豆科(21.38%)、杨柳科(9.64%)、莎草科(8.86%)、蓼科(8.08%)、禾本科(7.07%)、蔷薇科(6.86%)、紫草科(3.74%)所占比例较大,其他12科植物种类比例较小。西藏马鹿草青期食物组成,与可食植物能量、蛋白质、脂肪、干物质消化率呈正相关,与木质素、灰分、纤维素、单宁呈负相关,其中能量(0.735)、纤维素(0.899)、单宁(0.657)呈较强的相关性。

By using fecal microscopic analysis,we studied the diet composition,trophic component of edible plants and dry matter digestibility of Tibetan red deer(Cervus wallichii).By using minitab 17 software,we analyzed the correlation of edible plants relative density and nutritional content of Tibetan red deer in green grass period.There were 37 species of feeding plants from 20 families for C.wallichii in green grass period with diversity index of feeding habits 1.32 and niche width 15.79.Astragalus strictus(12.8%),Leontopodium pusillum(11.2%),Heteropappus semiprostratus(9.72%),Salix xizangensis(9.64%)constituted the main food of C.wallichii that accounting for 43.66%.Asteraceae(29.66%),Leguminosae(21.38%),Salicaceae(9.64%),Cyperaceae(8.86%),Polygonaceae(8.08%),Gramineae(7.07%),Rosaceae(6.86%),Boraginaceae(3.74%)accounted for a large proportion,the other 12 families have a smaller proportion.The food composition was positively correlated with the energy,protein,fat and dry matter,and negatively with lignin,ash,cellulose and tannin,among which energy(0.735),cellulose(0.899)and tannin(0.657)were strongly correlated.