历史与记忆

History and Memory

当代史学和历史哲学中关于记忆问题的探讨为我们关于史学的理解提供了新的视角。在这一视野下,记忆超越单纯个体心理的层次获得了作为脑外"文化记忆"的历史维度。在历史与记忆关系的层面上,历史记忆的多元性对历史记载的单一性提供了重要的补益,同时,史学文本的宏观视野对于历史记忆的微观局部性和片断性亦显示出认识上的优越性。在认识论维度之外,历史记忆诉诸历史正义的道义性是其十分显著的特质,于此凸显史学科学性与道义性维度复杂的张力关系,历史科学性不能成为漠视道义性的理由。最后,在历史与记忆关系上传统的历史本位立场之外,对人生有意义的历史终究要落实在人间的历史记忆中,从而彰显记忆本位的合理性,这或许是关注历史记忆所能带给我们的一点理论启示。

The research on Memory in contemporary history and philosophy of history give us a new perspective for the understanding of history,from this perspective memory gets a historical dimension as out brain"cultural memory"beyond its pure psychological aspect.In the relation of history and memory,while the mutability of historical memory compliment to the unity of historical text as single record,the latter also shows it advantage with its grand and overall vision to the micro and local vision of former.In historical memory,there is the appeal to justice which beyond the epistemology considerations,it reveals the complicated tension between history as a discipline and its moral demanding,and the scientific pursue should not overriding its moral dimension.Finally,the common understanding about the relation of history and memory always is with a history-orientation,however,a history that is significant to human life must rest on people’s memory,here the rationality of memory-orientation was manifested,and this could be a good theoretical enlightenment we got from our reflection on historical memory.