海上急救护理人员不良心理调查与压力源研究

Psychological investigation and stressors research of maritime emergency nursing staff

目的了解海上急救护理人员的不良心理状况,分析导致护理人员心理问题的主要根源。方法采用SCL-90症状自评量表和护士压力源量表,对某海岛地区医院参与海上急救工作的96例护士进行调查。结果被调查者在出海前和回来后的SCL-90症状自评量表总分都高于国内常模,躯体化、恐惧、强迫、焦虑、抑郁等因子均分也都高于国内常模,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);回来后的SCL-90症状自评量表总分高于出海前,躯体化、恐惧、强迫、焦虑、抑郁等因子均分高于出海前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按出海时间分层后,出海急救人员第1、11、21、31次出海回来后的SCL-90症状自评量表总分依次升高,躯体化、人际关系、强迫、焦虑、抑郁等因子均分也依次升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。护士压力源量表的统计结果显示,工作环境及仪器设备、工作量及时间分配是造成海上急救护理人员压力的主要来源。结论海上急救护理人员存在一定的心理问题,其中较为突出的是躯体化、恐惧、强迫、焦虑、抑郁,建议经常性情境训练以增加护理人员的心理素质。

Objective To explore the unhealthy psychological status and stressors of maritime emergency nursing staff.Methods Symptom checklist 90(SCL-90)and nurse job stressors questionnaire(NJSQ)were used to investigate 96 nurses involved in marine emergency in a certain island hospital.Results The total scores of the SCL-90 before and after returning to the sea was higher than the national norm;and the average scores of factors such as somatization,fear,obsession,anxiety,and depression were also higher than the national norm;and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After returning,the total score of the SCL-90 was higher than before going to sea;and the average scores of factors such as somatization,fear,obsession,anxiety,and depression were also higher than before going to sea;and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After stratified by sea time,the total scores of the SCL-90 after the first,11th,21st and 31st returning went up sequentially;and the average scores of factors such as somatization,interpersonal relationship,obsession,anxiety,and depression also increased;and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The statistical Results of NJSQ showed that the working environment,equipment,workload and time allocation were the main sources of pressure.Conclusions There are certain psychological problems for maritime emergency nurses,among which the more prominent ones are somatization,fear,obsession,anxiety,and depression.It is recommended that frequent situational training be conducted to increase the psychological quality of nursing staff.