教育扶贫内涵指涉与路径转型

Connotation and Path Transformation of Poverty Alleviation in Education

教育扶贫在内涵上既有"扶乡村教育之贫"之义,也有"依靠教育扶乡村之贫"之价值主张。乡村教育的资源性贫困、政策性贫困、地域性贫困使得乡村教育须被纳入扶贫工作的具体领域予以"托底"关照。在"依靠教育扶乡村之贫"内涵上,既包括建立于教育对家庭经济收益具有正向功能假设基础上的"依靠教育扶乡村绝对之贫",也包括建立于教育对家庭经济收益具有正向功能且对贫困家庭的收益率大于非贫困家庭之假设的"依靠教育扶乡村相对之贫"。若要实现"扶乡村教育之贫",并通过教育"扶乡村绝对之贫"和"扶乡村相对之贫",须将乡村教育从扶贫的"托底"原则转向"平等"原则,并最终通过对乡村教育的"扶优"来缩小先赋资源性和区域性差距,进而实现城乡义务教育一体化发展。

In terms of education,poverty alleviation has both the meaning of"helping to relieve poverty in rural education"and the value proposition of"relying on education to help relieving rural poverty".The resource poverty,policy poverty,and regional poverty of rural education make it necessary for rural education to be included in the specific areas of poverty alleviation.The connotation of"relying on education to support the rural poor"includes both"relying on education to support the elimination of rural absolute poverty"based on the assumption that education has a positive function on the family’s economic returns,and"relying on education to help the alleviation of relative poverty of the rural areas"based on the assumption that education has a positive function on the family’s economic returns and that the economic benefits of education on the poor families are larger than those on the non-poor families.If the"relief of poverty in rural education"is realized and the"relief of absolute poverty in rural areas"and"relief of relative poverty in rural areas"are achieved through education,rural education must be shifted from the"underpinning"principle of poverty alleviation to the"equality"principle,and finally the pre-assigned resources and regional disparities are reduced by the means of"supporting excellence"in rural education,thereby the integrated development of urban and rural compulsory education is achieved.