教育人力资本对中国绿色经济增长的贡献研究

The Contribution of Educational Human Capital to China’s Green Economic Growth

在经济发展步入新常态下,我国需强化人力资本的关键作用,以助推中国经济向创新驱动转变,逐步摆脱以高污染、高能耗为特征的粗放式发展模式。基于EBM距离函数DEA模型,不仅在考虑环境污染和能源约束的经济增长分解框架下,探讨教育人力资本对中国绿色经济增长的直接贡献,还将非径向投入导向型方向性距离函数与Luenberger生产率指数相结合,揭示教育人力资本对绿色经济增长的间接贡献。研究发现:1.从直接贡献来看,作为新增长源泉的人力资本尚未构成中国经济增长的主要动力,地区经济发展依旧是要素投入型的粗放式发展。2.从间接贡献来看,教育人力资本对绿色全要素生产率的贡献呈现出中部高而东、西部低的格局;对技术效率的贡献呈现出从沿海向内陆阶梯递减的格局;对技术进步的贡献呈现出中间高两端低的倒U型格局。中国应分层分类、形式多样地促进教育合理布局,继续强化教育人力资本积累,以持续稳定推动绿色经济增长。

With economic development entering a new normal status,China needs to strengthen the key role of human capital,so as to promote the transformation of China’s economy to innovation-driven and gradually get rid of the factor-driven mode characterized by high pollution and high energy consumption.Based on EBM distance function DEA model,this paper not only discusses the direct contribution of educational human capital to China’s green economic growth under the decomposition framework of green economic growth considering environmental pollution and energy constraints,but also reveals the indirect contribution of educational human capital to economic growth by combining the non-radial input-oriented directional distance function with Luenberger productivity index.The results show that:(1)From the perspective of direct contribution,as a new source of growth,human capital has not yet been the main driving force of economic growth,and regional economic development still dependedheavily on factor input.(2)From the perspective of indirect contribution,the contribution of educational human capital to green total factor productivity showed a pattern that the contribution was higher in the middle but lower in the east and west.The contribution to technical efficiency showed a pattern that the contribution decreased from the coast to the inland.The contribution to technological progress presented an inverted U-shaped pattern.China should promote the rational distribution of education in different levels and forms,and continue to strengthen the accumulation of educational human capital in order to continuously and stably promote China’s green economic growth.