明清徽州人地矛盾问题再研究

A Restudy of the Contradiction between People and Land in Huizhou(徽州)during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

要对明清徽州人地矛盾有深入认识,必须把它和安徽与全国做比较分析。首先,明清徽州人地矛盾不断加剧主要表现在人口总量、人口增长率和人口密度上。明代徽州人口不断增加,与全国和后来隶属安徽的其他府州相比,到中后期人口压力已相当大;到清中前期,徽州人口压力持续加大,人口总量、人口增长率和人口密度急剧增加,到太平天国战争后这种状况才得以改变。其次,明清徽州人地矛盾还突出表现在人均占有田地少、能生产粮食的田地少和田硗地瘠。上述诸多因素叠加作用,使明清徽州人地矛盾不断加剧,成为迫使徽人大量经商的基本原因。不过,在不同时期和不同县域它所产生的作用不同,对此应作历史的和具体的分析。

In order to have a deep understanding of the contradiction between people and land in Huizhou(徽州)during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,we must make a comparative analysis between Anhui province and the whole country.Firstly,the contradiction between people and land in Huizhou was increasingly intensified,which was mainly reflected in the total population,population growth rate and population density.In the Ming Dynasty,the population of Huizhou increased continuously,compared with other areas in Anhui province and the whole country,the population pressure was more considerable.In the early and middle period of the Qing Dynasty,the population pressure in Huizhou continued to increase,and the total population,population growth rate and population density increased sharply,this didn’t change until after the Taiping rebellion.Secondly,the contradiction between people and land in Huizhou was mainly manifested in fewer land occupied per capita and fewer land available for grain production,and the land here is barren.The interaction of these factors made the above mentioned contradiction more serious,which became the basic reasons that forced a lot of people to do business.However,the contradiction between people and land in different periods and different counties could made a difference,which should be analyzed historically and concretely.