从“内外”到“中西”:金陵大学顶层治理结构的转变

From Home vs.Field to China vs.West:Transformation of the Top-level Management Structure of University of Nanking

在创校初期,金陵大学校内的教学与行政采西化模式,与中国本土的教育体制几乎没有关系。在当时,这是所有的中国教会大学的共性。在1927年以前,金陵大学的顶层治理由托事部和理事会构成“内外”结构。托事部由各合作差会合作设于美国,对金陵大学的经济与人事负全责,是校产的所有者。在南京的理事会也是金陵大学的决策机构,更是托事部的代表与执行机构。1927年南京国民政府成立后,金陵大学逐渐完成内部改组与“立案”,其顶层治理转变为“创始人委员会—校董会—校方”的“中西”结构。创始人委员会代表“西”,校董会同时包含“中”“西”因素,代表校方“中”。与托事部相比较,创始人委员会对金陵大学的直接管控减弱,校董会并非只是创始人的执行机构。校董会中本地教会和校友力量上升,代表了金陵大学的本土化方向。“校方”是校长及校内由中国籍教师组成的行政层,代表着中国籍教职员在校内的话语权,这是一股新的力量,加强了金陵大学的自主性和本土化。

University of Nanking incorporated in 1910 from Methodist,Christian,and Presbyterian missionary colleges was a Christian University in Nanjing.In the beginning,the academic and administrative institutions of the University were westernized and unrelated to Chinese local educational system.At that time,those were the commonalities among all Christian universities in China.Before 1927,Board of Trustees and Board of Managers constituted a top-level management structure named Home vs.Field.The Board of Trustees was founded by cooperated missions in the USA.The Board of Managers was in Nanjing.After the establishment of the Nanjing National Government in 1927,with completing the registration and reorganization,Board of Founders,Board of Directors and school authority constituted a new top-level management structure named China vs.West.Compared with the Board of Trustees,the Board of Founders reduced direct control to the University.And the Board of Directors was not just an implementing agency of the Board of Founders.Enhancing powers of local churches and alumni in the Board of Directors reflected the localization of the University.The school authority which composed of the president and Chinese teachers represented the powers of Chinese staff in the University.These were new forces to strengthen the University’s autonomy and localization.