基于人车耦合动力学模型的重型卡车平顺性仿真与优化

Simulation and Optimization of Heavy Truck Ride Comfort Based on a Human-Vehicle Coupling Dynamics Model

以某三轴重型卡车为研究对象,建立了考虑人车耦合作用的23自由度动力学模型,应用谐波叠加法建立了路面激励模型作为振动系统的输入,根据拉格朗日方程推导了人车耦合模型的动力学方程并通过Newmark算法实现动力学方程的求解,研究了人车耦合作用对车辆和人体振动响应的影响;根据ISO2631-1:1997(E)中的车辆平顺性评价方法,考虑人体大腿的垂向振动和背部的垂向振动、前后振动,以人体综合振动加权加速度均方根值为指标对重型卡车的平顺性进行评价,探究了车辆悬架、驾驶室悬置和座椅悬架的刚度阻尼参数对重型卡车平顺性的影响,并采用带有收缩因子的粒子群算法对车辆的平顺性进行了优化.研究结果表明:考虑人车耦合作用会改变车辆座椅、人体大腿和背部等部位的振动响应,车速较低时人车耦合作用对平顺性仿真结果的影响较大,在进行车辆平顺性仿真研究时需要考虑人车耦合的作用;在人车耦合条件下,车辆悬架、驾驶室悬置以及座椅悬架的刚度阻尼参数均对车辆平顺性产生影响,且在不同参数区间范围内影响程度有所不同;综合考虑车辆悬架、驾驶室悬置以及座椅悬架的刚度阻尼参数的匹配,实现了整车平顺性优化,在不同车速下人体综合振动加权加速度均方根值与优化前相比降幅均超过38%,考虑多参数匹配的平顺性优化效果显著.

Taking a three-axle heavy truck as the research object,a 23-degree-of-freedom dynamics model that considers the coupling of human and vehicle effects is established.The road surface excitation model is established as the input of the vibration system via the harmonic superposition method.The dynamic equations of the coupled human and vehicle model are derived by the Lagrange equation and solved using the Newmark algorithm,and then the influence of human-vehicle coupling on the vehicle and human vibrations is studied.According to ISO 2631-1:1997(E),the RMS(root mean square)value of the weighted acceleration of the human body’s integrated vibration is applied as the basis to evaluate the vehicle ride comfort;this value considers the vertical vibration of the human thigh and the vertical and front-rear vibration of the back.The influences of the stiffness and damping of the vehicle,cab,and seat suspension on the ride comfort are analyzed.Last,the particle swarm algorithm with shrinkage factor is used to optimize the ride comfort of the vehicle.The results show that considering the coupling effect between the vehicle and the human will change the vibration response of the vehicle seat,the human thigh,and the back.When the vehicle speed is low,the coupling effect has a greater impact on the simulation results;under the condition of human-vehicle coupling,the stiffness and damping of the vehicle,cab,and seat suspension have different degrees of influence on the ride comfort in different parameter intervals;the matching of the above parameters is considered comprehensively to achieve the optimization of vehicle ride comfort.The RMS value of the weighted acceleration of the human body’s integrated vibration is reduced by more than 38% at each vehicle speed,indicating that the optimization effect considering the matching of multiple parameters is significant.