新兴产业政策与创新生态系统演化研究--以增材制造产业为例

Evolution of Innovation Ecosystem and Policy for an Emerging Industry: A Case of Additive Manufacturing Industry

随着新一轮科技革命和产业变革的加速演进,构筑和完善新兴产业创新生态系统成为争夺新一轮全球竞争制高点的重要途径。本文以增材制造产业为例,结合文献、专利、商业等多源异构数据,解析产业创新生态系统发展的各个阶段,分析科学、技术、市场和政策层面的特征及其相互协同演化。研究表明,伴随我国创新政策的出台和实施,增材制造领域的科学知识产出和技术发展水平逐步提升,市场规模不断扩大,但在发展过程中存在着产业链发展不均衡、科技成果转化动力不足和商业应用水平不高等问题。基于此,提出了促进新兴产业发展的措施建议:着力提升产业链关键环节的自主创新能力,实现产业发展的自主可控;加快推进科技成果产业化,加强科技中介服务,完善科技成果转化机制;进一步探索应用领域拓展,构建新兴产业与传统产业融合发展的新模式,实现跨越式发展。

Constructing and improving an innovation ecosystem for emerging industries is vital for success in global competition in the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. This paper takes the additive manufacturing industry as an example. It introduces the development stages of an innovation ecosystem, and analyzes the characteristics from the aspects of science, technology, market, and policy as well as their co-evolution, using multi-source heterogeneous data such as literature, patents, and commerce. The research shows that, with the implementation of innovation policies, the scientific output and technical level of the additive manufacturing industry are gradually improved, and the market size of the industry is also expanded. However, the industrial chain of the additive manufacturing industry is unbalanced in development, the impetus for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is inadequate, and the commercialization level of these achievements is low. Furthermore, to develop the innovation ecosystem for emerging industries, some policy suggestions are proposed, including improving the capability of independent innovation in key links of the industrial chain, to achieve independent and controllable industrial development;accelerating the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements, by strengthening science and technology intermediary services and improving the transforming mechanism of scientific and technological achievements;and exploring new application areas, by integrating the emerging industries with traditional industries, thus to achieve leapfrog development.