煤矸石山植物物种多样性与土壤化学因子的关系--以灵武矿区生态修复初期为例

Relationship between plant species diversity and soil chemical properties in coal gangue dump:early stage of ecological restoration in Lingwu Mining Area

为了得到灵武矿区枣泉煤矸石山生态修复初期优化的植被配置模式,以及影响植物物种多样性的土壤化学因子。通过野外调查结合重要值、α多样性指数和群落相似性系数,对枣泉煤矸石山平台人工重建的乔木林、乔灌木混交林和灌木林3种植被配置类型的植物种类组成、群落结构及α多样性指数的变化,以及各指数与土壤化学因子间的相关关系进行研究,并以矸石山周边自然地貌上的植被为对照。结果表明:①枣泉煤矸石山3种植被配置类型的样地共有植物8科22属24种,菊科植物7种,占总物种数的29.17%;藜科植物6种,占总物种数的25%;豆科和禾本科植物均为4种,各占16.67%。②3种植被配置类型林下多年生草本植物种数占草本层总数的比例大小顺序为:乔木林地(50.00%)>灌木林地(46.67%)>乔灌混交林(38.46%),自然地貌的多年生草本植物占其草本层的比例为68.75%。③3种植被配置类型中灌木林地草本层植物种Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数、Patrick丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数数值均为最高。④土壤碱解氮与各指数间相关性最高,说明土壤碱解氮含量对植物物种多样性的影响作用较大。⑤3种植被配置类型中乔木林地草本植物种类组成在科、属及种的层次上与自然地貌草本植物组成相似性最高,其林下草本植物盖度、密度、生物量、土壤含水量、土壤有机质和全氮含量均高于乔灌木混交林和灌木林。枣泉煤矸石山生态修复初期3种植被配置类型中乔木林地配置模式较为适宜,且影响植物物种多样性的土壤化学因子主要为土壤碱解氮。

In order to obtain the optimal vegetation configuration model in the early stage of Zaoquan coal gangue dump ecological restoration in Lingwu Mining Area and the soil chemical factors that affect the plant species diversity. Combined field investigation with the important value,alpha diversity index and community similarity coefficient,meanwhile,took the vegetation on the natural landform surrounding the gangue mountains as the control,this paper studied the changes of plant species composition,community structure and alpha diversity index of planting configuration types in the artificial reconstruction of arboreal forest,mixed forest of trees and shrub,shrubbery on Zaoquan coal gangue dump,as well as the correlation between each index and soil chemical factors. The tests results revealed:①According to the three typical area of vegetation configuration types on Zaoquan coal gangue dump,there are totally 24 species of plants in eight families,22 genera,including seven species of compositae,which accounting for 29.17% of the total species.Six species of Chenopodiaceae accounting for 25%;and each four of Leguminosae and gramineae accounting for 16.67% respectively. ②Among the three vegetation configuration types,the proportions of undergrowth perennial herbs to the total herb layer amounts are in the order of arboreal forest(50.00%)>shrubbery(46.67%)>mixed forest of shrubs and tree(38.48%),and in natural landform,the proportion of perennials in herbaceous layer is 68.75%.③Among the three vegetation configuration types,Shannon-wiener diversity index and Simpson diversity index,Patrick richness index and Pielou evenness index of herbaceous layer plant species in shrubbery are the highest. ④The correlation between the soil alkaline nitrogen and each index is the most significant,indicating that soil alkaline nitrogen content has a great influence on plant species diversity. ⑤Among the three vegetation configuration types,the composition of herbaceous species in arbor woodlands is the most similar to that of natural landform herbaceous plants at the levels of family,genus and species. The coverage,density,biomass,soil moisture,soil organic matter and total nitrogen content of herbaceous plants in understory forests are all higher than that in mixed of tree & shrubs and shrubbery.In the early stage of ecological restoration of the Zaoquan Gangue Mountain,among the three planting configuration types,the arbor woodland configuration mode is more suitable,and the soil chemical factors affecting plant species diversity are mainly soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen.