人工林树种对矿区复垦土壤肥力质量影响及评价研究

Study on effect and evaluation of tree species on reclamation soil fertility quality in coal mining area

为探究人工林对复垦土壤肥力水平的影响,以淮南矿区潘一矿复垦区杨树林、女贞林和桧树林3种典型人工林分为研究对象,通过实地采样和室内试验,测定林地不同深度土壤的容重、p H值、有机质、总氮、速效氮、总钾、速效钾、总磷、速效磷等9项指标,利用灰色关联度方法定量分析3种林地土壤肥力状况,并进行了综合评价排序。结果表明:①单因素方差分析表明,3种林地土壤的pH值、总氮、总磷、总钾等4项肥力指标在不同树种间差异不显著(P>0.05),土壤容重、有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾等5项肥力指标在不同树种间差异显著(P<0.05)。②对照全国第2次土壤普查养分分级标准和2009年该复垦区土壤肥力指标监测结果,容重、有机质、速效磷、总钾、速效钾等5项指标肥力水平显著提高。pH值、总氮、速效氮和总磷4项指标肥力水平与2009年该复垦区土壤水平较一致。总磷和速效氮可以作为复垦区土壤肥力提升的限制因子。③3种林地土壤加权灰色关联度综合评价值大小排列顺序为:杨树纯林>桧树纯林>女贞纯林,其中杨树林地土壤属于Ⅰ级(优)水平,桧树林地和女贞林地属于Ⅱ级(良),表明杨树林土壤最肥沃。因此,杨树具有改良土壤肥力、改善环境和保持水土等重要功能和作用,可以作为复垦区造林树种的优势树种,为煤矿沉陷区复垦土壤进行可持续利用及生态修复提供科学的理论依据。

In order to explore the influence of artificial forests on soil fertility levels,three typical plantations Populus L.forest,Ligustrum lucidum forest and Sabina chinensis( L.) Antoine forest of Panyi mining reclamation areas were studied. Through field investigation and laboratory experiment,nine indexes such as bulk density,p H value,organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total potassium,available potassium,total phosphorus,available phosphorus were determined in different depth under the forest. The soil fertility of three kinds of forest land was quantitatively analyzed by using the method of grey correlation degree,and sequencing based on comprehensive evaluation conducted.The results showed that:① The results of one-way ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference among three forest land soil p H,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium among different species( P > 0.05),and soil bulk density,organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium among different species( P < 0. 05) . ② Compared with the second National Soil Census nutrient grading standard and the monitoring results of soil fertility indicators in 2009,the fertility levels of five fertility indicators,such as bulk density,organic matter,available phosphorus,total potassium and available potassium were significantly improved. The soil fertility levels of p H value,total nitrogen,available nitrogen and total phosphorus were consistent with that of2009. Total phosphorus and available nitrogen can be used as limiting factors of soil fertility improvement in reclamation area.③The order of the comprehensive evaluation value of the weighted grey correlation degree of the three kinds of forest land soils was Populus L. forest >Sabina chinensis( L.) Antoine forest > Ligustrum lucidum forest. Among them,the soil of Populus lasiocarpa Oliv. forest land belonged to grade Ⅰ( excellent) level,Sabina chinensis( L.) Antoine forest land and Ligustrum lucidum forest land belonged to grade Ⅱ( good),which showed that the soil of poplar forest is the most fertile. Populus lasiocarpa Oliv. has important functions and functions of improving soil nutrients,improving environment and soil and water conservation. Populus lasiocar pa Oliv. can be used as the dominant tree species for afforestation in reclamation area. This study can provide a scientific theoretical basis for the sustainable utilization of reclaimed soil and ecological restoration in the subsidence area of coal mine.