南麂列岛海洋自然保护区东侧海域鱼类群落结构特征研究

Study on the Characteristics of Fish Community Structure in the East of Nanji Islands Marine Nature Reserve

根据2017年秋季(11月)、2018年春季(5月)在南麂列岛海洋自然保护区东侧海域开展底拖网渔业资源调查所获得的鱼类资料,分析了该海域的鱼类种类组成、优势种、生物多样性、群落结构特征及ABC曲线等。结果表明,本次在调查海域共获得并鉴定出鱼类种类有55种,隶属于10目29科45属。其中,春季为25种,秋季为44种;春季优势种有4种,分别是红鳗虾虎鱼、绿鳍鱼、鲐鱼和竹荚鱼;秋季优势种有3种,分别是龙头鱼、六丝钝尾虾虎鱼和七星底灯鱼,两季没有共同优势种。生物多样性指数分布情况是丰富度指数(D)秋季高于春季,均匀度指数(J’)和多样性指数(H’)则春季高于秋季。根据非参数多维标序技术NMDS和等级聚类CLUSTER分析,可将春季鱼类划分为2个群落,秋季鱼类划分为3个群落。从ABC曲线可以看出,春、秋两季调查海域的鱼类种群干扰程度是春季高于秋季。

We analyzed the fish species composition, dominant species, species biodiversity, community structure characteristics and ABC curve by performing a survey of the bottom-trawling fishery resources at The Eastern NANJI Islands Marine Nature Reserve in November 2017 and May 2018. The results showed that 55 species of fish were identified in survey area, which belonging to 45 genera in 29 families of ten order,25 species in spring and 44 species in autumn. Moreover, they found four dominant species in spring, there are Odontamblyopus rubicundus, Chelidonichthys kumu, Scomber japonicus and Trachurus japonicus. There are three species in autumn, namely Harpodon nehereus, Amblychaeturichthys hexanema and Benthosema pterotum. There are no common fish dominant species in spring and autumn. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the Pielou’s evenness index were higher in spring than autumn. The species richness index was much higher in autumn than spring. According to non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS) and hierarchical cluster(CLUSTER) analyses, The fish divided into two communities in spring and three communities in autumn. It can be seen from ABC curve that the disturbance degree of fish population in spring is higher than that in autumn.