建构翻译批评研究话语系统何以可能?

Towards Constructing A Viable Translation Criticism Discourse System

近几十年来,翻译批评从原本呈碎片化状态的"挑错"或"感想"评述中摆脱出来,进入以相关理论为指导的各种批评话语建构,其中既有相对整体性的思考,也不乏次系统性质的批评话语研究,如生态翻译批评理论、译者行为批评理论、语料库翻译批评理论,等等。在此语境下,围绕着对翻译批评话语进行整体性研究以及如何研究,译界出现了一些主张和质疑。本文试图基于社会学的系统功能理论对这些问题作出回应,重点探讨翻译批评话语系统建构的要素、功能及路径。本文认为,翻译批评话语系统的建构,顺应翻译批评发展的趋势,符合翻译研究学科发展的理论与现实需求。它的建构既是对翻译批评话语进行整合的过程,也是区分化过程,更是建构者的反思过程。文章强调,建构翻译批评研究话语系统,充分认识它所涉及的行动者、目标、功能及其边界,至为重要。

The past several decades have seen translation criticism shifting from error analyses and anecdotal reviews to theory-wise reflections in multiple perspectives.While the changing picture is academically encouraging,it has since brought about many proposals and questions that we should come to terms with if only for the sake of a healthy development of translation criticism in the long run.This paper therefore ventures,in the light of functional system theories of sociology,to focus on constructing a viable translation criticism discourse system,hopefully in tune with the trend in which Translation Studies as an independent discipline now goes.However,the construction is a complex process involving integration,segmentation and,above all,the constructors’theoretical wisdom.It is precisely for this reason that the paper holds the view:at the very beginning of taking up the constructing task,we should have a clear understanding of its actors,goals,functions and boundaries.