英语禁忌词在逆向性搭配中的语法化动因和机制

Motivations and mechanism of grammaticalization of English taboo words in oppositional collocations

英语表达中常出现一个含有消极义的程度副词与一个含有积极义的形容词搭配,形成所谓的"逆向性搭配结构",如:dead good、terribly glad等,其整体语义为单一褒义。通过对相关语料的搜集,我们发现一些英语禁忌词可作为程度副词出现在该逆向性搭配中,它们是damn、bloody、fucking、dead共四个。其语法化动因与人们的认知心理和语用因素相关;其语法化机制包括隐转喻认知机制和主观化两个方面。

An English Oppositional Collocation refers to a special expression combined of a commendatory adjective and a derogatory adverb,resulting in a highly positive meaning,such as dead good,terribly glad and so on.Through the collection of relevant corpus,we find that some English taboo words can be used as a degree adverb in oppositional collocations.They are damn,bloody,fucking and dead.Research shows that the reason why taboo words can be used in the oppositional collocation is that they themselves have undergone grammaticalization.Its motivation is related to human’s cognitive psychology and pragmatic factors,and its mechanism includes metaphor,metonymy and subjectification.