“新工科”背景下拔尖人才培养模式的审思--基于精英学院学生身份认同的质性研究

Reflections on the Mode of Top Talents Under the Background of Emerging Engineering--Qualitative Research Based on Identity of Students in Elite College

拔尖人才培养是我国高等教育"质量革命"的重要议题。拔尖人才培养模式的发展经历有两个阶段。以社会认同理论为分析基础,基于学生视角,分析研究拔尖人才培养模式1.0时期的学生身份认同,发现存在以下问题:人才培养方案落实偏离预设理念导致学生在横向对比中失去优越性、"自上而下"外力单向推进的教育方案忽视了学生的主体性,学生身份认同面临困境。面对"新工科"2.0版的到来,提出拔尖人才培养学生身份认同的重构,应尊重学生主体性,打造特色鲜明、优势凸显的培养体系,有效契合个性发展需求与项目建设目标,使学生在"自上而下-由下而上"的互动性育人生态中建构身份认同。

Cultivating top talents is an important issue in the "quality revolution" of higher education in China. The development of top talent training mode has two stages. Based on the theory of social identification and the perspective of students, after analyzing the identity of students of the top project 1.0, we find some problems that the implementation of the project deviated from expectations causes students lose their superiority in comparison, and "top-down" educational program unidirectionally advanced by external force ignores the subjectivity of students,and students have to face identity dilemma. Facing the arrival of emerging engineering 2.0, we propose that the reconstruction of students’ identity of the training of top talents should respect students’ subjectivity, create a characteristic and protruding training system and effectively meet individual development needs and project construction goals so that students can construct identity in the interactive education environment of "top-down-bottom-up".