出口对企业绿色生产效率影响的新检验

New Test of the Impact of Exports on the Green Production Efficiency of Enterprises

利用中国工业企业微观数据,基于非期望产出SBM模型,测算了工业企业绿色生产效率,构建面板Tobit模型考察出口对传统生产效率和绿色生产效率的影响效应,得出以下结论:(1)2005-2013年中国工业企业的平均绿色生产效率呈增长趋势,东、中、西部地区的绿色生产效率依次递减,且轻度污染行业的绿色生产效率高于重度污染行业。(2)出口对企业传统生产效率的影响显著为正,但对绿色生产效率的影响显著为负,说明出口会产生环境负效应。(3)重度污染行业的出口并未对传统生产效率产生显著正向作用,但对绿色生产效率有显著负向作用。出口对东部地区和中部地区传统生产效率的影响显著为正,但只对东部地区绿色生产效率的影响显著为负。本文的研究结论为通过调整出口贸易政策来提高企业绿色生产效率和实现绿色转型提供了微观企业层面的经验证据。

This paper uses the micro data of Chinese industrial enterprises to measure the green production efficiency of industrial enterprises based on the undesired SBM model,and constructs the panel Tobit model to investigate the effect of exports on traditional production efficiency and green production efficiency.The results show that firstly,the average green production efficiency of Chinese industrial enterprises shows an increasing trend in 2005-2013.The green production efficiency in the eastern,central and western regions decreases in turn,and the green production efficiency in the light polluting industries is higher than that in the heavily polluting industries;secondly,the impact of exports on the traditional production efficiency of enterprises is significantly positive,but the impact on green production efficiency is significantly negative,indicating that exports have the negative environmental effects;thirdly,exports from heavily polluting industries don’t have a significant positive effect on traditional production efficiency,but have a significant negative impact on green production efficiency.The impact of exports on traditional production efficiency in the eastern and central regions is significantly positive,but the impact on green production efficiency in the eastern region is significantly negative.The conclusions of the paper provide empirical evidence to improve export green production efficiency and achieve green transformation through export trade policies at the micro-enterprise level.