新型冠状病毒肺炎与甲型H1N1流感流行病学与临床特点的对比分析

Comparison between Corona Virus Disease 2019 and influenza A virus pneumonia:epidemiological and clinical characteristics

为提高对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的诊断准确率,本研究系统归纳对比了COVID-19和美国甲型流感病毒(H1N1)感染的生物学、流行病学与临床特点。分析结果显示,COVID-19和甲型HIN1流感均为传播力较强的疾病,病原体均为RNA病毒,生物学特征比较接近,临床特征相近,导致了医务工作者对其识别的困难。通过对比分析发现,COVID-19人群普遍易感,老年及心血管基础疾病患者存在高风险,发热、干咳及乏力为主要症状,约1周后进展为呼吸困难,CT表现胸膜下散在斑片状磨玻璃影居多,特异性抗病毒药及疫苗在积极试验中;与COVID-19不同的是,甲型HIN1流感发病多为青年患者,呼吸困难进展迅速,奥司他韦抗病毒效果佳,特异疫苗可接种等为特点。本研究可为一线医护人员提供参考,更好地鉴别、诊治和应对COVID-19,为防治策略提供依据。

Documents on Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)and H1N1 infectious disease were reviewed and the epidemiological and clinical characteristics are summarized,in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of both kinds of patients and for clinical diagnosis of H1N1 influenza that outbroke in 2019.Both COVID-19 and HIN1 influenza are of strong transmissibility.Their clinical manifestations are not obvious and it is difficult to identify them,therefore resulting in large-scale outbreaks.People are generally susceptible to COVID-19,especially the elderly and patients suffering from cardiovascular basic disease.The clinical symptoms of hypoxia are not obvious,but it could develop into dyspnea in about a week,and CT shows that patchy ground glass shadow scattered under pleura occurs in the majority of patients with COVID-19 influenza,and specific antiviral drugs and vaccines are in active trials.But patients with HIN1 influenza tend to be young,and dyspnea progresses in them rapidly.Anti-virus drugs such as Oseltamivir are efficient and specific vaccine can be inoculated.Under the situation of a global epidemic outbreak,the clinical and epidemic characteristics of HIN1 influenza were reviewed,which might help the front-line medical staff to better identify and diagnose COVID-19 influenza.