新冠疫情背景下妨害传染病防治罪的解释扩张及其回归

The Expanded Interpretation of the Crime of Obstructing Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in the Context of the Covid-19 Epidemic and Its Regression

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情中的法律规范适用带来新视角与新问题,在超越可容忍的社会相当性且有刑事可罚追究必要的场合,我国刑法中妨害传染病防治罪的规范适用值得关注。该罪的对象被限定为"甲类传染病",本次新冠肺炎被列为"乙类传染病",从而该罪存在适用上的瓶颈。司法解释的渐进扩张具有唤醒妨害传染病防治罪和注重公共卫生安全法益保护的一面,但是选取的方式难以与刑事法治相契合。为了更好地实现刑法参与社会治理的功能需求,应当对妨害传染病防治罪采取"立法类型化调整、司法解释适度限制"的组合路径,使刑法规范的社会适应性与刑罚处罚的有限性相融合。

The application of legal norms in the context of covid-19 epidemic brings about new perspectives and issues.In situations where it is necessary to hold the perpetrator criminally responsible for a conduct beyond the tolerance of social life,the application of the norm on the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases is worth attention.Because the object of this crime is limited to the Class-A infectious diseases and the COVID-19 is classified as"Class-B infectious disease",there is a problem in applying the article on this crime.The progressive expansion of the judicial interpretation has the effect of activating the legal article on the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases and stressing the protection of the legal interest of public health and security,but such mode is not in compliance with the criminal rule of law.Thus,in order to better realize the functional demand of the criminal law for participating in social governance,we should adopt the combined approaches of"categorized adjustment in legislation,moderate restriction in judicial interpretation"for the crime of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases,and integrate the social adaptability of criminal norms with the limitation of criminal penalties.