探索市场化多元化的生态补偿机制——浙江青山村的实践与启示

Research on the Ecological Compensation Mechanism of Marketization and Diversification--The Practice and Enlightenment of Qingshan Village in Zhejiang Province

十九大报告在加快生态文明体制改革方面强调要建立市场化、多元化的生态补偿机制,但在实践中仍缺少社会资本与公众广泛参与的成功案例。大自然保护协会(TNC)在浙江省杭州市余杭区青山村设立的乡村水源地保护项目,通过成立水基金信托引入社会资本参与生态补偿:一方面,经济手段和政策手段并用,激励农民参与生态保护并获得基金分红,控制了面源污染并提升了水质;另一方面,水基金信托出资成立企业,在挖掘当地资源优势的基础上设计了多样化的商业项目,盈利后反哺社区,同时引入其它丰富的业态来共同助力乡村振兴。青山村的实践可以为市场化、多元化的生态补偿制度的构建提供借鉴,是以生态保护促进乡村振兴的典型案例。

The report of the 19th national congress of the communist party of China emphasizes to establish the ecological compensation mechanism of marketization and diversification from the aspects of accelerating the reform of the ecological civilization system,but there is still a lack of successful cases of social capital and public participation in practice.The Nature Conservancy (TNC) sets up a rural water source protection project in Qingshan village,Yuhang district,Hangzhou city in Zhejiang Province,which introduces social capital to participate in ecological compensation through the establishment of water fund trust:On the one hand,the combination of economic means and policy means can encourage the villagers to participate in ecological protection and obtain fund dividends,control non-point source pollution and improve water quality;On the other hand,the water fund trust funds the establishment of enterprises,designs diversified commercial projects based on the advantages of local resources.After making profits the water fund trust can repay the community,at the same time introduce other rich business forms to jointly promote the rural revitalization.The practice of Qingshan village can provide reference for the construction of ecological compensation system of marketization and diversification,and it is a typical case of improving rural revitalization with ecological protection.