某家电制造企业职工五官科查体情况分析

Data analysis of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology examination of workers in a household appliance manufacturing enterprise

目的了解某家电制造企业职业健康检查五官科查体情况,为预防职业相关疾病提供依据。方法以该企业在岗及离岗人员为接触组,对其职业健康体检中五官科结果进行统计分析;并以岗前人员为对照组,就危害因素对2组人群进行分析比较。结果该企业职业病危害因素包括噪声、粉尘、高温、紫外线、苯乙烯、锰及其化合物、苯及苯系物等60多种。该企业接触组五官科总异常检出率为25.78%,接触组的五官科异常率高于对照组(P<0.05),接触组男性的异常检出率高于女性(P<0.05),不同年龄工人异常检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),接害工龄越长,异常检出率越高(P<0.05)。五官各部位异常检出率亦有差异,其中以耳部的异常检出率最高;眼部、耳部、鼻部、咽部的主要检出病症分别为翼状胬肉、耵聍栓塞、鼻炎、咽炎。不同危害因素接触组的五官科异常检出率差异并无统计学意义(P>0.05),但噪声、紫外线+电焊烟尘、噪声+粉尘、苯及苯系物接触者的异常检出率处于较高水平。结论性别、年龄、工龄、接触职业病危害因素均可能影响五官科异常检出率,应采取积极的针对性预防措施。

Objective To understand the ophthalmologic and otorhinolaryngologic health condition of workers in a household appliances manufacturing enterprise,and to provide orientation for the prevention of occupational related diseases.Methods Taking the on-the-job and off-the-job workers of the enterprise as exposure group,the results of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology examination were statistically analyzed;and taking the pre-employment personnel as the control group,the hazard factors of the two groups were analyzed and compared.Results The occupational hazards in this enterprise included more than 60 kinds,e.g.,noise,dusts,heat stress,ultraviolet,styrene,manganese and its compounds,benzene and benzene series.The abnormality rate of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology examination among workers of exposure group in the enterprise was 25.78%,significantly higher than that shown at pre-employment medical examination(P<0.05).The male workers of exposure group had higher abnormality rate than female workers(P<0.05)and there was a trend that the elder workers had a higher abnormality rate(P<0.05).It also showed that the longer working in this enterprise,the higher abnormality rate(P<0.05).The abnormality rate of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology varied significantly and the ear abnormality rate was highest.Pterygium,earwax,rhinitis and pharyngitis were the main disorders.It noted that the workers exposed to noise,or UV plus welding fumes,or noise plus welding fumes,or benzene and benzene homologues had higher abnormality rate,though there was no significant difference among workers exposed to different hazards(P>0.05).Conclusion Occupational exposure to these hazards may cause ophthalmologic and otorhinolaryngologic abnormality and the preventive measures should be taken.