自贡市城区老人养老方式与生活质量分析

Analysis on Endowment Ways and Quality of Life of the Elderly in Zigong City

目的分析自贡市城区60岁及以上老年人养老方式及其生活质量。方法2018-11/2019-03采用随机整群抽样法抽取四川省自贡市城区60岁及以上老年人为研究对象,依据其养老模式分为居家养老组、社区养老组、机构养老组,采用健康状况调查简表(SF-36)面对面调查其生活质量。结果共调查自贡市315例60岁及以上老年人,收集有效数据305例,有效率96.82%(305/315);居家养老者中在婚、子女个数≥2个、经济状况为≥3000元/月者占比较社区养老、机构养老者高(P<0.05),3组其他一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组在生理功能、社会功能、精神健康、情感职能、总体健康方面评分及总评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中居家养老组在生理功能、精神健康、情感职能、总体健康方面评分及总评分高于社区养老组、机构养老组,社区养老组社会功能评分高于居家养老组、机构养老组(P<0.05)。结论与居家养老老年人相比,机构养老与社区养老的老年人生理功能、心理状况相对较差,但社区养老老年人社会功能好,在控制其他影响因素情况下,居家养老总体较好。

Objective To analyze endowment ways and quality of life in the elderly aged 60 years old and above in urban area of Zigong.Methods From November 2018 to March 2019,a random cluster sampling was used to select the elderly aged 60 years old and above in urban area of Zigong.According to their endowment modes,participants were divided into the home-based endowment group,community endowment group and the organization endowment group.The quality of life was assessed by the Short Form 36 health survey(SF-36)through interviewing the participants.Results A total of 315 elderly people aged 60 years old and above was surveyed.We got a final 305 effective questionnaires with a response rate of 96.82%(305/315).The proportion of married status,number of children not less than 2 and economic status not less than 3000 yuan per month in the home-based endowment group was higher than that in the community endowment and the organization endowment group(P<0.05).There is no significant difference in other general information among the three groups(P>0.05).There were significant differences in scores of physiological function,social function,mental health,emotional role and overall health score,and total score among the three groups(P<0.05).The above scores in home-based endowment group were higher than those in the community endowment group and the organization endowment group.The social function score of the community endowment group was higher than that of the home-based endowment group and the organization endowment group(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with the home-based endowment group,both the organization endowment and the community endowment group are relatively poor in physical function and psychological status.However,the social function of the community endowment group is good.After adjustment of the other influencing factors,the home-based endowment is relatively better.