3起急性职业中毒案例的共性分析与思考

Analyze and Reflection on the Commonality of 3 Cases of Occupational Acute Poisoning

通过分析急性职业中毒典型案例的共性,为制定相应职业病防治策略提供参考。对照职业病诊断标准,复习在职业病诊断中遇到的典型案例,分析发病原因,总结共性,提出了预防建议。发现中毒事故发生的主要原因是缺乏安全教育和个人防护设备,有几点共性:①相关企业职业安全意识淡薄,重效益而轻危害,未进行过职业病危害因素申报及建设项目职业病危害评价;②工程多经过外包,中毒者均为外来务工低学历人员,缺乏自我防护意识;③工人操作过程不规范,未佩戴必要的个人防护用品,甚至违章作业;④受限空间未进行全面或局部排风,致局部有害气体浓度积聚引发事故。总之,随着快速工业化,接触化学品的机会显著增多,致急性职业中毒事故成为突出的公共卫生问题,并严重威胁着工人的身心健康。企业应加大防护设施和个人防护用品的投入,保障劳动者的职业健康。

To analyze the commonality of typical cases of acute occupational poisoning,in order to provide reference for formulating prevention and treatment strategies.According to the standard of occupational disease diagnosis,the study reviewed the typical cases,analyzed the causes of typical cases,summarized the commonality,and put forward preventive suggestions.It was found that the main causes of poisoning accidents were lack of safety education and personal protective equipment,and the commonalities was as the following:①the relevant enterprises had weak awareness of occupational safety,focused on effectiveness and neglected the harm,and had not declared the occupational-disease-inductive factors and evaluated the occupational-disease-inductive factors of construction projects.②most projects were outsourced,the poisoned workers were all migrant workers with low education background and lacked self-protection consciousness.③the project operation process were not standardized,and the workers did not wear the necessary personal protective equipment,or even conduct the legal operation.④the workplace was not fully or partially ventilated,which led to the accident caused by the accumulation of harmful gas concentration.In short,with the rapid industrialization,the possibility of exposure to chemicals have increased significantly,causing acute occupational poisoning accidents become a prominent public health problem and seriously threaten the physical and mental health of workers.Enterprises should increase investment in protective facilities and personal protective equipment to protect the occupational health of workers.