甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵聚合物合成和应用研究进展

Research Progress in Synthesis and Application of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride polymers

甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵聚合物是一类带有季铵盐基团的高分子聚电解质,具有带正电荷、水溶性好、特征黏度易于控制、高效无毒等特点,广泛应用于石油开采、造纸、纺织、废水和污泥处理等行业中。首先,概述了聚甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(PDMC)在提高产物特征黏度方面的合成研究进展,指出了PDMC在分子结构上的最新研究方向;然后,介绍了共聚物聚甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺〔P(DMC-AM)〕的合成进展,重点探讨了溶液聚合法、乳液聚合法和其他聚合法对聚合物序列结构和特征黏度影响的研究进展;接着,对比不同性质的污泥处理实例,阐述了污泥性质对共聚物P(DMC-AM)絮凝性能的影响规律;最后,归纳了P(DMC-AM)在合成和应用中的问题并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

Methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride polymers, a kind of polyelectrolyte with quaternary ammonium group, are widely used in petroleum exploitation, papermaking, textile, wastewater and sludge treatment and other industries due to their good water-solubility, adjustable cationicity and molecular weight, high efficiency and nontoxicity. The synthesis progress of polymethacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride(PDMC) in improving its intrinsic viscosity is summarized, and the latest research direction in molecular structure is pointed out. Then, the synthesis progress of copolymer poly-methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride-co-acrylamide, P(DMCAM) is introduced. The effects of solution polymerization, emulsion polymerization and other polymerization methods on the sequence structure and intrinsic viscosity of the copolymer are discussed. Subsequently, the effects of sludge properties on the flocculating properties of P(DMC-AM) are analyzed by comparing the treatment examples for different sludge. Finally, the problems in the synthesis and application of P(DMC-AM) are summarized, and its future development trend is prospected.