世界文化遗产申报评估机制面临的挑战与应对

The Evaluation Mechanism for World Cultural Heritage Nominations-Challenges and Responses

在2012年《世界遗产公约》40周年之际,为反思《公约》未来发展方向,第17届缔约国大会要求邀请教科文组织外部专家对1994至2011年全球战略实施情况进行评估,形成了《实施全球战略的外部评估报告》(2011年)。报告梳理了多项世界遗产申报过程中面临的问题,提出以"加强申报程序的严格性"为目标的多条建议,保障《世界遗产名录》的可信度。在世界遗产数量已达1 121处的今天,该系列建议尤其具有现实指导意义。文章以此建议为线索,梳理2012至2019年世界遗产申报评估机制调整取得的阶段性成果,结合文化遗产申报案例,重点分析区域和谐性、委员会与专业机构意见背离、文化遗产突出普遍价值认定3个议题下,申报评估机制面临的挑战与应对策略。

In 2012 when the World Heritage Convention celebrated its 40th anniversary, the 17th session of General Assembly of States Parties requested UNESCO external experts to evaluate the implementation of the Global Strategy from 1994 through 2011. As an outcome of the evaluation program, the Independent Evaluation by the UNESCO External Auditor on the Implementation of the Global Strategy(2011) was delivered. The Report summarized several issues arising from the nomination process and put forward a number of recommendations, with the aim of "strengthen strictness of procedures" so as to ensure the credibility of the World Heritage List. These recommendations are of particular practical guidance significance in today’s context when the total number of World Heritage properties added up to 1 121. Based on the recommendations, the paper summarizes initial outcomes from the reform of the evaluation mechanism for World Heritage nominations carried out between 2012 and 2019, and with reference to several cases of cultural heritage nominations, analyzes challenges and response strategies for the evaluation mechanism under the three topics of regional harmony, divergence between the Committee and the Advisory Bodies, and identification of the outstanding universal value of cultural properties.