河北蔚县多堡聚落空间形态及其保护策略研究

Study on Spatial Form and Protection Strategy of Fort Settlements in Yu County,Hebei Province

传统村堡是中国北方长城沿线现存聚落的主要类型之一,集防卫性与居住性于一体。在其发展变迁历程中,由于受到战争局势、地理环境、日常生活、经济商贸等多方面因素的影响,在引发村堡功能属性转变的同时也导致村堡聚落空间形态发生嬗变。文章选取河北蔚县村堡中的特殊聚落类型-多堡聚落为研究标本,梳理了明清时期的村堡聚落形成背景,初步探析特定时期多堡村落与集镇空间的组群形态,并归纳出聚落空间形态的演变特征,最后在分析多堡聚落核心价值和保护现状的基础上,从4个层面提出具体的保护原则和发展策略,以期凸显出多堡聚落所蕴含的聚居图景与空间精神,为当代乡村振兴与传统村镇遗产保护提供借鉴和启示。

The traditional village fort is one of the main types of existing settlements along the Great Wall in northern China, integrating defense and residence. In the course of its development, the functional attributes of the village fort and the spatial form of the settlement have changed, due to the influence of various factors such as war situation, geographical environment, daily life, economy and trade. This paper selects a special settlement type, "fort-type settlement", of the village fort of Yuxian County, Hebei province as the research subject, and sorts out the formation background of the village fort settlement in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The paper also makes a preliminary analysis of the group morphology of the fort-type settlement and market town in a specific period, and summarizes the evolution characteristics of the spatial morphology of settlements. Finally, based on the analysis of the core values and protection status quo of the fort-type settlement, the paper puts forward specific protection principles and development strategies from four aspects, so as to highlight the living situation and spatial spirit of multiple fore settlements, and provide reference and inspiration for contemporary rural revitalization and traditional village heritage protection.